Lecture 3 Western Countries II Flashcards
(51 cards)
How many years was medicine plant based?
2,500 years
When did industrial pharmaceutical medicine emerge?
In last 100 years
Time analogy medicine
Natural med - 59 mins
Pharmaceutical - 1 min
of human history
Where did knowledge of TPM first originate
Persian and Egyptian Physicians
Graeco-Roman texts were translated by
Arabic physicians and reintroduced into Europe in Middle Ages and Renaissance
Knowledge was passed down formally and informally by who
Physicians and pharmacists formally and informally in households
What % of the world’s pop uses traditional medicine?
5.6 billion
WHO strategy to be extended to 2025
o Promote co-existence of traditional and pharmaceutical medicine.
o Best patient outcomes when both systems are integrated.
Key Principles of WHM: Holistic and Vitalistic:
o Treat the root cause, not just symptoms.
o Address physical, mental, emotional well-being.
o Body has a self-healing “vital force” (homeostasis).
Key Principles of WHM: * Empirical Basis
o Based on centuries of clinical observation (repeatable, verifiable)
o Not based on theory, but on results in real-life patients.
Key Principles of WHM, * Core Treatment Strategy:
Combine plant-based medicine with…
Healthy diet
Healthy lifestyle
Psychosocial wellness
WHM is practiced where
Europe (UK, Russia), USA, Canada, Australia, NZ (NZQA approved), South Africa.
Europe WHM called
Traditional European Medicine (TEM), Phytotherapy.
Plant source: how many species
o ~350 main plant species.
What are the plant sources
Mostly European flora + Middle Eastern spices (e.g. saffron, cinnamon) + New World plants post-15th century (e.g., cinchona bark).
What are the formulations of Western Herbal Medicine
Infusions, decoctions, tinctures, fluid extracts, essential oils, syrups, pastilles, creams, inhalations, etc.
Traditional Plant Medicine
Medicines made from whole plants or plant parts, following long-standing customs. Usually used in combinations rather than as single herbs.
TPMs vs supplements
TPMs are pharmacologically active and affect organ function where as supplements provide nutrition and don’t impact disease directly
WHM is effectively what type of trial
2500 year long clinical trial
Over time the dosage and formulations have been
evolved to maximise the effect and minimise harm
What % of the top 119 drugs are based on or derived from traditional medicinal plants
75%
What are Natural Products?
Substances derived from plants, animals, fungi, or microorganisms.
Define Phytochemicals.
Bioactive plant chemicals responsible for therapeutic effects.
