Lecture 19

Question 1

what is the most derived euteleostean clade?

Answer 1

Percomorpha

Question 2

what are the orders (we need to know) in Percomorpha?

Answer 2

Gasterosteiformes
Scorpaeniformes 
Perciformes 
Pleuronectiformes 
Tetraodontiformes

Question 3

where is the pelvic girdle in Percomorpha?

Answer 3

in thoracic position

with a ligamentous or bony connection

Question 4

what characters unite Gasterosteiformes?

Answer 4

usually armoured, small mouths, parental care of eggs

most marine, warm waters, some fresh and temperate

Question 5

what families are in Gasterosteiformes?

Answer 5

Gasterosteidae

Sygnathidae

Question 6

what characters unite Gasterosteidae?

Answer 6

lateral scurtes/plates or naked
3-16 dorsal spines
male parental care
has glue from kidneys used to make nests for young

Question 7

what species of Gasterosteidae are present in AB?

Answer 7

Culaea inconstans
Pungitius pungitius
Gasterosteus aculeatus

Question 8

where has Gasterosteus aculeatus been introduced in AB?

Answer 8

Hasse Lake, AB

Riel Pond St. Albert

Question 9

Scorpaeniformes general characters

Answer 9

generally depressed, benthic
not strong swimmers
generally spiny
pectoral fin rounded

Question 10

what is the uniting characteristic of Scorpaeniformes?

Answer 10

they have a suborbital stay

Question 11

what is a suborbital stay

Answer 11

posterior extension of the 3rd infraorbital bone across cheek to preopercle

Question 12

What is the family of Scorpaenidae that is present in AB?

Answer 12

Cottidae

Question 13

what are the species of Cottidae that are present in AB?

Answer 13

Cottus cognatus
Cottus confusus
Cottus ricei
Myoxocephalus thompsoni

Question 14

what are detritivores?

Answer 14

eat decomposing organic stuff

large quantities of low quality material, longer time spent feeding

Question 15

what are herbivores?

Answer 15

eat mainly plants, algae, must be torn up well

Question 16

what sort of teeth do herbivores have?

Answer 16

ridges along teeth allow them to spread and chomp vegetables

Question 17

what are carnivores?

Answer 17

eat other animals

Question 18

what are piscivores?

Answer 18

eat other fish

Question 19

what are zooplanktonivores?

Answer 19

eat zooplankton

Question 20

what types of ram feeders are there?

Answer 20

straining small prey through gills
small food, not strained
ambush predators

Question 21

what are ambush predators?

Answer 21

sit and wait, then fast acceleration

Question 22

what does a small mouth mean in terms of feeding?

Answer 22

a small mouth increases the speed of water moving into mouth during suction feeding

Question 23

what does a large mouth mean in terms of feeding?

Answer 23

a large mouth means a small suction distance, but fits bigger items

Question 24

what does a round mouth mean in terms of feeding?

Answer 24

better suction since water is only from at front of mouth but must approach head-on

Question 25

what does a grinning-type mouth mean in terms of feeding?

Answer 25

water from all directions is bad for suction, but sideway grab is possible

Question 26

how does suction feeding work generally?

Answer 26

fish are stationary, bring food to mouth | closes mouth before closing opercular cavity

Question 27

how does the derived form of suction feeding work?

Answer 27

elevates neurocranium (epaxial muscles) drop floor of mouth (hypoxia muscles) move sides of mouth laterally/open operculum (elevator operculi) depress mandible - moves maxilla forward, rotates premaxilla forward and out

Question 28

where are teeth found in fish?

Answer 28

premaxilla, maxilla, dentary palatine, vomer, parasphenoid basihyal/basibranchial pharyngeal

Question 29

what are the uses of teeth?

Answer 29

``` for holding prey cutting biting scraping crushing grazing ```

Question 30

what tooth shapes are ideal for holding onto prey?

Answer 30

conical, posteriorly inclined depressible cardiform

Question 31

what are depressible teeth?

Answer 31

fixed to the jaw bone for a C-shape at the front posterior part is not fixed to the bone, connected with connective tissue only result is that they bend backwards

Question 32

what are cardiform teeth?

Answer 32

friction pad | not damaging but preventing the prey from leaving mouth

Question 33

what is the role of the pharynx in feeding?

Answer 33

most sorting of items occurs here cough out large items small items out gills

Question 34

what type of gill rakers are ideal for piscivores?

Answer 34

short and stubby

Question 35

what type of gill rakers are ideal for planktonivores/filter feeders?

Answer 35

long, fine, closely spaced

Question 36

what is the pyloric caecae? where is it, what is it used for ?

Answer 36

blind sacs off intestine posterior to stomach 0-1000s, branched-simple used for absorption (mainly proteins)