Lecture 2

Question 1

What general things are good signs that something is alive?

Answer 1

Reproduction, Response to the environment, growth and development, energy processing, order, evolutionary adaptation, regulation (homeostasis)

Question 2

What is something that blurs the boundary between living and nonliving things?

Answer 2

Mobile genetic elements AKA “Jumping genes”

Question 3

What are the levels of biological organization (smallest to largest)

Answer 3

molecules
organelles
cells
tissues
organs
organisms
populations, communities, ecosystems, biosphere

Question 4

How many species have been identified and named to date?

Answer 4

1.8 million

Question 5

What is the two-part name each species is given?

Answer 5

genus and the species

Question 6

What is an example of a two-part name each species is given

Answer 6

homo sapiens
genus species

Question 7

What is the estimate of the total number of species that actually exists?

Answer 7

10 million to over 100 million

Question 8

What is the unity that underlies the diversity of life?

Answer 8

All living things are made up of cells
DNA

Question 9

What are cells?

Answer 9

basic unit of life

Question 10

What surrounds a cell?`

Answer 10

membrane

Question 11

What is DNA

Answer 11

universal genetic language common to all organisms

Question 12

How do cells arise?

Answer 12

from previously existing cells

Question 13

What does evolution explain?

Answer 13

The unity and diversity of life

Question 14

What are the three domains of life?

Answer 14

Bacteria, Archaea, Eukarya

Question 15

What are the examples of prokaryotes?

Answer 15

Bacteria and Archaea

Question 16

Bacteria are Archaea are examples of what?

Answer 16

prokaryotes

Question 17

What is contained in a chromosome?

Answer 17

one long DNA molecules with hundreds of thousands of genes

Question 18

Where is DNA located?

Answer 18

in chromosomes

Question 19

What are the units of inheritance?

Answer 19

Genes

Question 20

What is the function of genes?

Answer 20

encode information for building proteins, directs the development of an organism

Question 21

What is responsible for the development of an organism?

Answer 21

the genetic information encoded by DNA

Question 22

What is evolution?

Answer 22

the concept that living organisms are modified descendants of common ancestors

Question 23

What has evolution proven?

Answer 23

life arose once on our planet (unity)

Question 24

What created the diversity of life?

Answer 24

selective pressures

Question 25

What are two types of selective pressures?

Answer 25

natural selection and sexual selection

Question 26

What is the scientific method (definition)

Answer 26

idealized process of inquiry

Question 27

Is the scientific process accurate for real-life inquires?

Answer 27

No because v very few adhere rigidly to this approach

Question 28

What are the steps to scientific method?

Answer 28

Observation/Question Research topic idea Hypothesis Test with experiment Analyze Data Report Conclusions

Question 29

What is a hypothesis?

Answer 29

An explanation based on observations and assumptions that lead to a testable prediction

Question 30

What must a hypothesis lead to?

Answer 30

predictions that can be tested by making additional observations or by performing experiments

Question 31

What is an experiment?

Answer 31

a scientific test carried out under controlled conditions

Question 32

What is a theory?

Answer 32

broader in scope by a hypothesis, supported by a large body of evidence in comparison to a hypothesis. Can lead to new testable hypotheses. Consistent with all available data/observations

Question 33

What are three examples of theories?

Answer 33

Germ theory, evolutionary theory, gravity theory

Question 34

What is reductionist biology to systems biology

Answer 34

understanding the whole by studying its parts biological systems display emergent properties reductionism is complimented by systems biology

Question 35

What is matter made up of?

Answer 35

elements

Question 36

What is the smallest unit of matter?

Answer 36

atoms

Question 37

What is an elements?

Answer 37

a substance that can not be broken down into other substances by chemical reactions

Question 38

What is a compound?

Answer 38

A substance consisting of two or more different elements in a fixed ratio

Question 39

What is a molecule?

Answer 39

A substance consisting of two or more atoms joined together with covalent bonds

Question 40

How many natural elements are there?

Answer 40

92

Question 41

Of the natural elements, what percentage are essential elements?

Answer 41

20-25%

Question 42

What elements make up 96% of living matter?

Answer 42

Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen (CHON)

Question 43

What make sup the other 4% of living matter?

Answer 43

Calcium, phosphorus, potassium, and sulfur (CaPPS)

Question 44

What are trace elements?

Answer 44

elements that are required by an organism in only minute quantities

Question 45

What does an elements consist of?

Answer 45

Unique uniform atoms

Question 46

What is an atom?

Answer 46

The smallest unit of matter that still retains the properties of an element

Question 47

What are atoms composed of?

Answer 47

subatomic particles

Question 48

What are the subatomic particles?

Answer 48

protons, neutrons, and electrons

Question 49

What part of an atom takes up the most space?

Answer 49

the electron cloud

Question 50

What defines an element?

Answer 50

atomic number

Question 51

What makes up the electron cloud?

Answer 51

electrons around the nucleus

Question 52

In neutral atoms, what is the numbers of protons and electrons?

Answer 52

#protons=#electrons

Question 53

What are the units of neutron mass and proton mass (atomic mass unit)?

Answer 53

daltons

Question 54

What is the relationship between neutron mass and proton mass?

Answer 54

They are almost identical

Question 55

Who discovered Rf and Db

Answer 55

James A. Harris