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Neurobiology > Lecture 2 > Flashcards

Lecture 2 Flashcards

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1
Q

do neurons have a negative or postive membrane potential at rest?

A

negative

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2
Q

do all neurons have the same resting membrane potential

A

no

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3
Q

what is the average membrane potential

A

(-40)-(-90)mv

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4
Q

define resting membrane potential

A

neurons have a negative voltage potential at rest called the resting membrane potential

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5
Q

do substances move up or down their concentration gradient?

A

down

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6
Q

in simple diffusion do things move from high to low or low to high concentrations

A

high to low

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7
Q

define diffusion

A

substances naturall and passivel travel down thier concentration gradients (areas of higher concentration to areas of lower concentration )

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8
Q

is the plasma membrane a good or bad conductor of ions

A

good

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9
Q

what is the purpose of the plasma membrane

A

allows the neuron to maintain different concetrations of ions and other molecules inside and outside of cell

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10
Q

what are the 2 ways that ions cross a plasma membrane

A

ion channels and ion pumps

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11
Q

do ion channels use active or passive transport

A

passive transport

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12
Q

can anything pass thorugh a ion channel or is it selective

A

it is selective for certain ions

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13
Q

do ion pumps have active or passive transport

A

active transport

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14
Q

is atp needed for ion channels

A

no , it is passive transport

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15
Q

is atp needed fo ion pumps

A

yes,it is active transport

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16
Q

do ion pumps create concentration gradients ?

A

yes

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17
Q

are ion pumps selective for certain ions

A

yes

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18
Q

do ion pumps do up or down the concentration gradient

A

It can go up the gradient , so from low to high

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19
Q

name the pump that is responsible for the origin of membrane potential

A

sodium potassium pump

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20
Q

describe what the sodium potassium pump does

A

it creates a concentration gradient for sodium and potassium

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21
Q

explain what is going out of a cell and what is coming into a cell due to a sodium potassium pump

A

3 sodium out and 2 potassium in

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22
Q

true/false : a sodium potassium pump does not use atp

A

false it uses atp

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23
Q

true /false: there is higher concentration of k inside of the cell

A

true

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24
Q

true/false: there is a higher concentration of na inside of the cell

A

false, there is a higher concentration outside of the cell

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25
when a cell is at rest , are potassium channels open ?
yes
26
when the potassium pump is at rest a sodium channels open ?
no
27
there is a negative charge on the outside of the cell, t/f
false , the inside of the cell is negative
28
when a cell is at rest, what can leak out of the cell
potassium
29
the sodium potassium pump creates a _____ _______
concentration gradient
30
are there more sodium or potassium pumps open at rest
there are more potassium channels open at rest
31
a cell membrane has ______ permiability
selective permiability
32
what 2 things together create a voltage gradient
concentration gradient & selective permiability
33
define voltage
electrical potential difference , measures how much electrical potential energy is strored between 2 points
34
define current
the rate electric change is flowing through something , the rate that ions are flowing out of a cell
35
what is the equation for voltage
current * resistance
36
if there is no concentration gradient is there voltage
no , both sides of a membrane will have the same concentration so there is no diffusion , therefore no voltage
37
if there is a concentration gradient is there voltage
yes
38
define elctrochemical equilibrium
the point where concentration gradient and electrical gradient cancel each other out
39
when there is electrochemical equilibrium is there net movment
no
40
define equilibrium potential
for every pair of intracellular/ extracellular ion concentrations there is one voltage that will give the state of electrochemical equilibrium
41
what is the nernst equation
if there is one permeant ion you can use the nernst equation to calculate the equilibrium potential
42
the concentration gradient is a form of what kind of energy
chemical energy
43
electrical gradient is a form of what kind of energy
electrical energy
44
what is the significance of studying the atlantic squid when studying membrane potential
the squid has a giant axon which allows us to study it
45
what 2 experiments can you do if you wanted to figure out what ion a squids axon membrane is permiable to .
1. measure membrane potential and see if its close to any ions equilibrium potential 2. change the ion concentration and see if there is an effect
46
when would when you use the goldman equation
the goldman equation takes into account the fact that the membrane is not equally permiable to all ions
47
define permiability
the ability of the membrane to let an ion through this is quatio to the number of ion channels open for an ion
48
ion channels are the same thing as ______
permiability
49
if you simplify the goldman equation what does it become
the nernst equation
50
true/false: the greater the concentration of particular ion and the less its membrane permiability , the greater its role in dermining the membrane potential
false : the greater the concentration of particular ion and the greater its membrane permiability the greater its role in dermining the membrane potential
51
if there is more than ion , but the permiability for one ion is exceptionally high , do we use the goldman or the nernst equation
the nernst
52
do we use relative or absolute permiabilites when dealing with ions
relative
53
in a nutshell what causes a membrane potential
concentraion gradients of ions across a selectivel permeable membrane
54
what 2 equations can we use to calculate the membrane potential
nernst and goldman
55
what a neural cell membrane is at rest is it mostly permiable to sodium or potassium
potassium
56
t/f if the neuron is at rest , the resting membrane potential is the the equilibrium potential
true
57
t/f if the neuron is NOT at rest , the resting membrane potential is the the equilibrium potential
false, you would need to do an experiment to determine the equilibrium potential
58
how would you experimentally determine the equilibrium potential of your system
you create at voltage diffeence an then measure whether current (ions) are flowing
59
if the voltage is less than the diffuisonal force which way will ions move
to the right
60
if the voltage is more than the diffusional force which way will ions move
to the left
61
if the voltage equals the diffusional force what will the current be
it will be zero
62
define reversal potential
where the sign of the current reverses from postive to negative
63
reversal potential is also known as _______ potential
equilibrium potential
64
when a neuron starts firing what occurs?
an electrical signal goes off so the membrane potential changes
65
define action potential
the characteristic pattern of membrane potential changes
66
the 1st phase of a electical signal in a neuron is called
the rising phase
67
list all of the stages in a neuron firing
1. rising phase 2. overshoot phase 3. falling phase 4. falling phase 5. undershoot phase
68
the undershoot phase is also known as
hyperpolarization
69
hyperpolarization is an important contributor to ...
aging , it contributes to learning and memory
70
what is hyperpolarization
making the membrane more negative
71
what is depolarization
making the membrane potential more positive
72
______ _______ involve temporary changes in membrane ______
action, potentials , potential
73
at rest nerual cell membranes seem to be mostly permeable to ___
potassium
74
t/f during an action potential an cell membrane greatly increases its permiability to potassium
false, sodium

Neurobiology (11 decks)

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