Lecture 5 Flashcards
(120 cards)
1
Q
t/f neurotransmitters have a significant impact on our behavior on a daily basis
A
true
2
Q
what are the 2 kinds of receptors
A
ionotropic and metabotropic
3
Q
this kind of receptor is directly linked to an ion channel
A
ionotropic
4
Q
this kind of receptor affects neurons by activating g proteins
A
metabotropic receptors
5
Q
a lignad gated ion channel is also known as
A
ionotropic receptor
6
Q
a g protein coupled receptor is also known as
A
a metabotropic receptor
7
Q
are ionotropic receptors fast or slow
A
fast
8
Q
are metabolic tropic receptors fast or slow
A
slow
9
Q
t/f the effect of metabolic receptors are quick only a few ms
A
false, the effects can last for minutes
10
Q
how does a ionotropic receptor
A
a neurotransmitter binding directly opens an ion channel
11
Q
this kind of receptor is a g protein coupled receptor
A
metabotropic receptor
12
Q
what kind of proteins fo metabotrobic proteins have to activate
A
g proteins
13
Q
which neurotransmitter is this: important in learning and memory , involved in alzhiemers
A
acetylcholine
14
Q
what is the name of the 1st neurotransmitter identified in the neuromuscular junction
A
acetylcholine
15
Q
the 1st substance identified as a neurotransmitter was
A
acetylcholine
16
Q
this neuro transmitter funcitons at the neuromuscular junction and various other synapses
A
acetylcholine
17
Q
what 2 things is acetylcholine synthesized from
A
acetyl -coa and choline by acetyltransferase
18
Q
t/f acetylcholine is recycled at the synapse
A
false
19
Q
where is acetylcholine hydrolyzed at
A
in the cleft by acetylcholinesterase in to acetate and choline
20
Q
how many types of acetylcholine receptors are there
A
2
21
Q
list the 2 kinds of acetylcholine receptors
A
Nicotinic Receptors and muscarinic receptors
22
Q
these kind of the receptors are selectively activate by nicotine
A
nicotinic receptors
23
Q
t/f nicotinic receptors are found not found at the NMJ
A
false, they are found at the nmj
24
Q
are nicotinic receptors metabotropic or ionotropic
A
ionotropic
25
muscarinic receptors are selectively activated by what
muscarine
26
where are muscarinic receptors found
centrally
27
are muscarinic receptors ionotropic or metabotropic
metabotropic
28
what does nAChRs mean
nicotinic receptors
29
what does mAChR mean
muscarinic mean
30
list 3 things that we can eat to increase choline
soy, milk, egg yolk, organ meat
31
how do we get rid of the acetylocholine from the synaptic cleft
acetylcholinesterase
32
acetylcholine is recycled back into what 2 things
acetate and choline
33
list 3 symptoms of too much acetylcholine
hypersexuality , secretion of acid, muscle contraction , impared declaritive memory
34
what does sarin nerve gas inhibit
acetylocholinerase production
35
list a nicotinic agonist
nicotine
36
pancuronium , tubocurarine and succinyl choline are examples of
nicotinic antagonists which are muscle relaxants
37
list a muscarinic agonist
muscarine
38
what is muscarine
one cause of mushroom poisioning . it is a muscarinic agonist
39
what is atropine
it is a muscarinic antagonist
40
what does atropine do
it causes pupil dilation , raising heartbeat and inhibits mucus secretion
41
jimsonweed and datura are examples of
hallucinogens which are muscarinic antagonists
42
nearly all excitatory neurons in the cns use this neurotransmitter
glutamate
43
t/f over half of all of the brains synapses use glutamate
false
44
glutamate is packaged in ______ called ______
vesicles called VGLUT
45
how is glutamate cleared from the cleft
it is cleared from the cleft by excitatory amino acid transporters
46
what do EAATs refer to
excitatory amino acid transporters
47
how many types of receptors are there for glutamate
3 metabotropic and 3 ionotropic
48
how many metabotropic receptors are there for glutamate
3
49
t/f metabotropic receptors for glutamate are only found in the cns
false , they are found in the pns and cns
50
how many receptor types of ionotropic receptors are there for glutamate , and list them
3 : AMPA, NMDA and Kainate
51
what ions are the ionotropic for glutamate permiable to
all 3 are permiable to sodium and potassium and sometimes calcium
52
what is special about NMDA receptors
they are always permiable to calcium
53
are kainate receptors permiable to calcium
no
54
what is the role of calcium in an NMDA receptor
it is important because calcium can act as a signaling molecule in the postsynaptic molecule in the post synaptic neuron
55
the the calcium in NMDA receptors affect the pre synaptic or post synaptic molecule
post synaptic
56
small amounts of ______ are necessary for receptor activation in NMDA receptors
glycine
57
t/f ca binds to the NMDAR
False , mg binds to the NMDA receptors and blocks the pore
58
when a membrane is at rest and hyperpolorized is the NMDA receptor pore blocked or unblocked
blocked by mg
59
when a NMDA receptor is depolarized is the pore blocked or unblocked
when the mebrane is depolarized the mg is ejeted allowing cations to move in
60
what kind of channel is a NMDA receptor
voltage gated
61
name the main excitatory neurotransmitter
glutamate
62
what 2 ions are needed in order for NMDAR channels to open
glutamate and glycene
63
is the NMDA receptor ligand gated, voltage gated or both
both
64
if the membrane of a NMDA receptor is is locked will you see a current
no because the pore is blocked
65
what must occur for a current to flow through a NMDA receptor pore
in order to open it needs to get rid of the magenesium so that it depolarizes
66
what does excessive activation of ionotropic GluRs causes
it causes neurons to die . aka excitotoxcity
67
in terms of glutamate what is occuring during stroke, hypoglycemia or seizure
excessive activation of ionotropic glutamate receptors
68
list to NMDA receptor antagonists
ketamine and pcp
69
what is the name of the NMDAR antagonist that is also an anesthetic used for children and animals
ketamine
70
when lots of glutamate is applied to a neuron , the NMDARs generally open later than the AMPARs why ?
because the AMPA receptors do not have mg block so they get activated 1st .
71
name the 2 major inhibitory neurotransmitters in the CNS
GABA and Glycine
72
where are Gaba and Glycine commonly found
in the local circuit of interneurons
73
what is the function of GATs
Gaba is transported out of the cleft by GATs (gaba transporters)
74
how many types of gaba receptors are there
2 : gaba a and gaba b
75
are gaba a receptors ionotropic or metabotropic
ionotropic
76
t/f gaba b receptors are ionotropic
false they are metabotropic
77
what are ion are gaba a receptors permiable to
chloride
78
what kind of channels do gaba b receptors open
potassium
79
what kind of channels do gaba b receptors block
calcium
80
benzodiazenpines , barbituates and ethanol are all examples of what ?
agonists of the GABA a receptors
81
what is picrotoxin
an antedote for barbituate poisioning
82
what is the antagonist for GABA a receptors
picrotoxin
83
what is baclofin
a muscle relaxant and an agonist of GABA B receptors
84
list the 2 agonists for GABA b receptors
baclofen and GHB
85
are glycine receptors ionotropic or metabotropic
ionotropic
86
where are glycine receptors usually found
in the spinal cord
87
what is the function of strychnine
it blockes glycine receptors , it causes painful death
88
what is the basic funciton of biogenic amines
regulate mood and other functions
89
what are the main catergories of biogenic amines
catecholamines , indoleamine and imidazoleamine
90
dopamine is an example of an _______ biogenic amine
catecholamine
91
dopemine is important in regulation of _____ and _____
movement, reward
92
which kinod of neurons die in the parkinsons disease
dopaminergic neruons
93
cocaine , amphetamines and heroin affect what kind of synapses ?
dopaminergic synapses
94
norepinephrine and epiniphrine are examples of what class of biogenic amines
catecholamines
95
what receptors do norepinephrine and epinephrine act on ?
alpha and beta adernergenic receptors
96
what is norepinephrens central effect
influences sleep, attentions and wakefulness
97
this amine is important in motivation
dopamine
98
these 2 amines are involved in fight or flight
norepinephren and epinephrin
99
histamine is part of what class of amines
imidazoleamine
100
t/f histamine effects the cns
true
101
in the cns , histamine mediates ______ and ______
arousal and attention
102
this amine is involved in regulation of the vestibular (balance ) system
histamine
103
seratonin is part of what class of amines
indolamine
104
is serotonin important in the somatic or visceral nervous system
visceral
105
this amine is important in wakefullness, mood and many psychiatric disorders
seratonin
106
what does SSRI mean
selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor
107
what is buproprion
a drug that inhibits reuptake of norepinphine and dopamine .
108
buproprion is antagonist or agonist for noctini acetylcholine receptors
antagonist
109
peptide neurotransmitters help to regulate
weight regulation , stress and regulation and release of other hormones
110
what is the function of u opiate receptors
they are the site of action for opiate drugs like heroin and morphine
111
major painkillers are _____ receptors
opiate
112
where does morphine bind to
opiate receptors
113
endocannabinoids are examples of
unconventional neurotransmitters
114
what kind of receptors do endocannabinoids receptors target
cannabinoid receptors
115
list 2 examples of endocannabinoids
2 -AG , Anandamide
116
what kind of signaling is endoanbinoids
retrograde
117
are endocannabinoids made post synaptically or pre synaptically
post synaptically
118
what is the name of the most common receptor for endocannabinoids
CB1
119
THC is an example of an ____ of _______ receptors
THC is an agonist of cannabinoid receptors
120
endocannabinoid signaling is important for what 4 things
perception
motor control
memory
appetite
