Flashcards in Lecture 2 (Embryology, cells, and Skin) Deck (47):
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Anatomy Types
Anatomy: "to cut apart"
Gross: body or organs with naked eye
Microscopic
Development: embryology
Pathological: Abnormalities
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Major organ systems (11)
Organs are made of tissues which are made of cells
1. Integument
2. skeletal
3. articulations (joints)
4. muscular
5. circulatory
6. respiratory
7. digestive
8. urinary
9. nervous (sense organs)
10. endocrine
11. Reproudctive
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Integument
Skin, hair, nails
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Skeletal
Bones and cartilage
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Circulatory
Heart, arteries, capillaries, veins
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Respiratory
Nose, larynx, lungs
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Digestive
Mouth, pharynx, intestines, glands of this system
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Urinary
Kidney, bladder
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Nervous system
Senses, taste and smell, perception,
sense organs (eye, ear, smell, taste, pain, temperature, and proprioception)
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Endocrine
hormones
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Reproductive
Male and female
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Articulation
Joints and Ligaments
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3 primary germ layers
1. Ectoderm
2. mesoderm
3. endoderm
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Ectoderm
Outer most layer of skin
Cells divide very rapidly and make many functions
Brain and spinal column are also made from this (entire nervous system)
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Mesoderm
Middle layer of skin
Muscles that attach to bones, the bones, the heart, blood vessels, kidney
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Endoderm
Innermost layer
Respiratory system, digestive and it's gland
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Cells
Some cells have no nucleus (Blood cells)
marrow, contain many nuclei
Nuclei can have diff shapes (help with ID)
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Smooth Endoplasmic reticulum
Helps with neutralizing of poisons
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Mitochondria
Production of ATP, Especially in cells that contract
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Microvilli
Cilia that are really small
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Flagella
The long tail of sperm
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Pigment
Melanin: absence of pigment (Blue eyes = see the blood vessels)
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Tumors
Cluster of cells that grow rapidly (abnormal)
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Benign
grows slowly, not dangerous, maybe a little painful (very common)
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Malignant
May break off the tumor and travel (metastasis)
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Integument (Skin) system
Largest organ, heaviest (7% of body weight)
Protects against: UV, environment, bacteria
Regulates body temperature
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Exretion
Sweat out the excess salt or alcohol
Glands in the female breast are modified sweat glands (Breast milk = modified sweat)
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Vitamin D
Sun exposure = metabolism, growth of bones, in children
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Thin skin
Hair, most of the body is covered
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Thick skin
No hair, soles and palms
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Sebum
Hair oil, from the sebaceous gland
Too much = acne
Water helps dilute this
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Sweat glands (Specialized versions)
Ear: wax
Breast: milk
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Meisner's Touch receptors
Nerve endings in the hand
Deal with delicate touch
Palm and fingers have a lot
A lot in your face
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Pacinian corpuscles
Pressure receptors: Vibration and deep pressure
Numerous in the sole of the feet
Used in learning to walk
abundant in the hand
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Melanocycte
Melanin containing cells
We all have the same number of cells
Skin color: how much pigment you have/ white = less pigment not less melanocytes
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Tattoos
Subcutaneous epidermis (fat layer) is penetrated
Keeps the pigment there longer
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Skin Cancer
Most common form of cancer (1/3 of all cancer)
98% is curable
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3 forms of skin cancer
1. Squamous cell cacerinoma
2. Basil Cell
3. Melanoma
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Squamis cell carcerinoma
Cancer, flkay cell, epidermis
treatable
Doesnt not metastasize
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Basil Cell
Base of the epidermis, Roundish, Doesnt break the base membrane
Treatable
Doesnt Metastasize
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Melanonma
Least treatable
Melanocytes are cancerous
Cells divide very rapidly, they metastasize very quickly
Least common
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ABCDE's of Melanoma
A: Asymmetry (Not round circle)
B: borders, not smooth are irregular
C: colors, various colors
D: diameter, eraser of a pencil (bigger might be melanoma
E: evolving, ever changing and growing
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Burns
Thermal: Excessive heat
Electrical: hot electrical wire, lightning
Chemical: strong acids and bases
Inhalation: breath in things that are dangerous
Friction Burns: rope burns
Radiation: explosions, atomic (radioactive)
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1st degree burn
Only top layer of epidermis,
Sun burns
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2nd degree burn
Through epidermis
Fluid rushes in, blisters form
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3rd degree
Epidermis and demis is destroyed, nerves as well,
No sensation, painless
Full thickness burn
Require skin graphs
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