Flashcards in Lecture 2 - Staining Cont. and Cytology Deck (30):
1
How many colors are in Hematoxylin - eosin (HE) stains?
Two (red and blue)
2
What stains red/pink in HE?
acidophilic, like cytoplasm
3
What stains blue/purple in HE?
Basophilic, like plasma cells, pancreatic exocrine cells, chief cells in stomach (arrows), neurons, chondroblasts, osteoblasts.
Essentially, cells that produce protein
4
Nucleus (DNA) and basal cytoplasm containing RER (RNA) are...
baso or acidophilic?
Basophilic
5
Apical cytoplasm with
zymogen granules (enzyme precursors) – enzymes - proteins is...
baso or acidophilic?
Acidophilic
6
What's another word for acidophilic?
Eosinophilic
7
Silver stain is used for
reticular fibers, nerve fibers
8
Two types of elastic fiber stain?
Weigert's elastic stain
Orcein stain
9
In silver stain, nerve fibers are what color?
Black
10
Was is Periodic Acid Schiff used for?
-stain for basement membrane and to localize carbohydrates (stain magenta)
-polysaccharides (carbohydrate polymers ) such as glycogen,
-mucosubstances such as glycoproteins, glycolipids and mucins in tissues
11
In a Pas stain, what color are goblet cells?
pink/purple
12
Goblet cells
secrete mucus to protect airways
13
How is lipid stain preparation different?
Don't use alcohol-will wash out lipids
Instead, use frozen sections and can skip the washing and embedding steps
14
Enzyme histochemistry example:
In Gomori’s method for alkaline phosphatase the brush border of proximal convoluted tubules in the kidney stain what color?
black
15
Which colors bind to what in fluorescence microscopy?
Blue fluorescence binding to nuclear DNA.
Green fluorescent dye binds to actin filaments
16
In polarized light microscopy, collagen fibers are what color?
What about elastic fibers and nuclei?
Bright red or yellow
Not detected
17
Using an extra step to attach a secondary antibody (indirect), makes the compound
more specific
18
Immunocytochemistry vs immunohistochemistry
Cyto - cell
Histo - tissue
19
Three basic constituents of a cell
-cytosol (hyaloplasm)
-organelles (cell organelles)
-cell inclusions (paraplasm)
20
Hyaloplasm
basic structureless cytoplasm; the best electron microscopes reveal no structure in it.
21
Cell organelles
the nucleus, mitochondria, the Golgi complex, ribosomes, the endoplasmic reticulum, lysosomes, the cytoskeleton (centriole, microtubules, actin and
myosin filaments, intermediate filaments), proteasomes.
22
Cell inclusions (paraplasm)
secretory granules, glycogen, lipid droplets, crystaloids,
pigments: melanin, lipofuscin, lutein
23
Multiple nuclei are present in what cells? (4)
skeletal muscle cells, osteoclasts, megakaryoblasts / megakaryocytes and in giant cells (found in pathological processes)
24
In eukaryotic cells, the genome is separated from the cytoplasm by a
double nuclear envelope
25
Is chromatin baso or acidophilic?
basophilic
26
Two types of chromatin?
Heterochromatin (inactive) vs. Euchromatin (active)
27
The nuclear envelope connects to
the RER
28
What's the purpose of nuclear pores?
allow passage of RNA, proteins into the cytoplasm
29
What's the purpose of the nucleolus?
to produce rRNA
30