Lecture 21: Digestive System 2

Question 1

Saliva contains

Answer 1

Water, salts, mucin, enzymes (amylase, maltase, lipase), IgA, lysosome, lactoferrin, and suspended cells (desquamated epithelial cells, leukocytes, bacteria)

Question 2

4 functions of saliva

Answer 2

1. Digestion
2. Provide moisture and lube
3. Participates in local immunity
4. Provides evaporative cooling

Question 3

Major salivary glands

Answer 3

1. Parotid
2. Sublingual
3. Submandibular

Question 4

Minor salivary glands

Answer 4

1. Lingual
2. Palatal
3. Labial
4. Buccal
5. Zygomatic (carnivores)
6. Molar (cats)

Question 5

Three types of secretions in salivary glands

Answer 5

1. Serous
2. Mucus
3. Mixed

Question 6

Stroma (large salivary glands)

Answer 6

• Connective tissue capsule and trabeculae
• Blood vessels and lymph vessels
• Nerves and intramural ganglion

Question 7

Parenchyma (large salivary glands)

Answer 7

• Adenomeres as secretory units

- Ducts (intercalated, intralobular/striated, interlobular)

Question 8

Largest visceral organ, weighing 1-4% body weight

Answer 8

liver

Question 9

Dual blood supply of the liver sinusoids

Answer 9

• 70% to 80% of blood comes from the portal vein

- Smaller amount supplied by the hepatic artery, blood rich in O2

Question 10

Each lobe of the liver is covered by

Answer 10

mesothelium located over a CT layer known as the capsule of glisson

Question 11

Hepatocytes

Answer 11

Parenchymal cells arranged in plates with adjacent sinusoids

Question 12

Plates in liver are organized into

Answer 12

hepatic lobules

Question 13

Chylomicrons are mainly transported by

Answer 13

lymph vessels

Question 14

Exocrine secretion of the liver that is important for the digestion of lipids

Answer 14

Bile

Question 15

Two poles of hepatocytes

Answer 15

Bile pole

Vascular

Question 16

Hepatic sinusoid

Answer 16

fenestrated capillary (without diaphragms, do not have basal lamina).

Question 17

Lipids and carbs are stored on the liver in the form of

Answer 17

triglycerides and glycogen

Question 18

Hepatocyte function

Answer 18

Supplies body with energy between meals

Question 19

What are seen at the edges of the hepatic lobule

Answer 19

Portal tract with a branch of the hepatic artery, branch of the portal vein, and bile ductules

Question 20

Blood from portal area enters _____ and…

Answer 20

sinusoids and flows towards central vein

Question 21

Blood leaves liver via

Answer 21

hepatic vein to the caudal vena cava

Question 22

Where are Kupffer cells (macrophages) located in the liver

Answer 22

adjacent to the sinusoids

Question 23

Bile in cannuli flows

Answer 23

in opposite direction to the blood to reach bile ductules within the portal triads

Question 24

Structural unit of classical liver lobule

Answer 24

hepatic lobule

Question 25

Shape of hepatic lobule

Answer 25

Hexagonal (polyhedral)

Question 26

What is the axis of the hepatic lobule

Answer 26

central vein

Question 27

Blood flows towards what in the hepatic lobule

Answer 27

towards axis

Question 28

Physiological unit of liver

Answer 28

Portal lobule

Question 29

Shape of portal lobule

Answer 29

triangular

Question 30

Axis of portal lobule

Answer 30

Portal area (triad)

Question 31

Bile flows towards where in portal lobule

Answer 31

axis

Question 32

Hepatic acinus

Answer 32

The vascular flow pattern between lobules

Question 33

Hepatic acinus pattern

Answer 33

Begins at triad, flows towards central veins via sinusoidal capillaries

Question 34

Hepatocytes nearest to central vein receive blood ____ in O2, ____ to be damaged if vascular compromise exists

Answer 34

lowest | first

Question 35

Zone 1 of hepatic acinus

Answer 35

- High O2 - High nutrients - High pathogen exposure

Question 36

Zone 2 of hepatic acinus

Answer 36

- Moderate O2 - Moderate nutrients - Moderate pathogen exposure

Question 37

Zone 3 of hepatic acinus

Answer 37

-Low O2, nutrients, and pathogen exposure

Question 38

Gallbladder accepts

Answer 38

bile from cystic duct for storage

Question 39

When gallbladder is empty, what is seen?

Answer 39

Abundant mucosal folds

Question 40

Gallbladder structure

Answer 40

Simple columnar epithelium that has microvilli, tight junctions, mitochondria, and secretory vesicles

Question 41

Epithelial cells in the gallbladder are capable of modifying bile by

Answer 41

concentrate it by absorption of H2O and inorganic salt

Question 42

Does the gallbladder have a lamina muscularis mucosae?

Answer 42

Nope

Question 43

What surrounds almost the entirety of the gallbladder

Answer 43

Tunica serosa

Question 44

Exocrine pancreas is composed of

Answer 44

tubuloacinar secretory units

Question 45

Tubuloacinar units of the pancreas drain into

Answer 45

intercalated ducts lined by cuboidal cells

Question 46

Pancreas resembles a serous salivary parotid gland, from which it differs in that

Answer 46

1. Pancreas has no striated ducts 2. The duct system in pancreas is less developed 3. Pancreas has endocrine pancreatic islets of Langerhans

Question 47

Two parts of the pancreas

Answer 47

1. Stroma | 2. Parenchyma

Question 48

Stroma of pancreas

Answer 48

Thin CT capsule + trabeculae with blood vessels, lymph vessels, and nerves (pacinian corpuscles)

Question 49

Endocrine and exocrine percentages of parenchyma in pancreas

Answer 49

5% endocrine | 95% exocrine

Question 50

Secretory part of pancreas

Answer 50

Acinar cells | Centroacinar cells