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Y1 - Body Logs > Lecture 20 - Dermatology > Flashcards

Lecture 20 - Dermatology Flashcards

(68 cards)

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1
Q

Terminology to describe size of lumps/bumps

A

Papule
Nodule

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2
Q

What is a papule?

A

A small lump

SMALL = Less than 5mm

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3
Q

What is a Nodule?

A

A large lump
Between 5-10mm

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4
Q

What is the term used to define Small Water Filled Blisters? A papule containing water

A

Vesicles

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5
Q

What is the term used to define a Large Water Filled Blister? A Nodule Containing water.

A

Bulla

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6
Q

What is the name to define a Pus-filled vesicle?

A

Pustule

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7
Q

What term is used to define the colour change of redness?

A

Erythema

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8
Q

What does palpable mean?

A

To be able to be touched or felt

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9
Q

What is a Macule?

A

A non palpable area of discolouration (Flat lesions = e.g freckles)

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10
Q

What is the term to define a Macule that is over 2cm in size?

A

Patch

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11
Q

What is a Patch?

A

A non palpable area of discolouration that is over 2cm in size

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12
Q

What is a flat lesion called when it is both palpable and has an area of over 2cm?

A

Plaque

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13
Q

What does the term Excoriations mean?

A

Scratches

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14
Q

What is the term to define stretch marks?

A

Striae

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15
Q

Term to describe an itch

A

Pruritus

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16
Q

Term to describe Thinning

A

Atrophy

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17
Q

Term to describe Thread vein

A

Telangiectasia

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18
Q

What can scaling also be called?

A

Ichthyosis

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19
Q

What is Erosion?

A

Loss of the epidermis (superficial so the top layer)

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20
Q

Define an Ucler

A

Loss of Epidermis and dermis (so deep loss)
Often Hypodermis is visible

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21
Q

What is Lichenification?

A

Thickening of the skin with exaggerated skin markings (bruising)

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22
Q

What is Hirsutism?

A

Too much hair

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23
Q

What is Alopecia?

A

Too little/no/thinning hair

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24
Q

What are the 3 main events that take place in Inflammation?

A

Vasodilation
Increased micro vascular permeability
Influx of leukocytes

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25
The 5 important signs of Inflammation
Rubor Tumor Calor Dolor (symptom) Function laesa
26
What is Rubor?
Redness (erythema)
27
What is Tumor?
Swelling (Like a tumour)
28
What is Calor?
Heat (CALORies are burnt releasing HEAT)
29
What is Dolor?
Pain (Symptom not sign)
30
What is Functio laesa?
Loss of function
31
List 6 common skin conditions
-Psoriasis -Eczema -Malignant Melanoma -Vitiligo -Alopecia Areata -Acne
32
What is caused in Psoriasis?
Red, flaky, crusty patches of skin that are covered in silvery scales
33
Where are patches most commonly found in Psoriasis?
Extensor region of Elbows and Knees Scalp Lower back
34
What type of disease is Psoriasis?
Auto immune disease Likely inherited
35
What causes the red flaky crusty silver scaled patches of skin in Psoriasis?
Reduced Transit time of Keratinocyte form basal layer to Stratum Corneum (Abundance of Stratum Corneum) The cells don’t have enough time to mature/differentiate (Parakeratosis) Increased vascularity of upper dermis (erythema)
36
What is Parakereatosis?
The incomplete maturation of keratinocytes casuing them to retain their nuclei Causes the Stratum Corneum to retain nuclei in cells
37
Signs that may indicate Psoriasis
Pitting and discolouration of nails Swollen joints (Psoriatic arthritits)
38
What is Topical Treatment?
Treatment added/applied to particular place in the body For example like a cream or lotion Think topic is about 1 thing, added to 1 place
39
What is Systemic treatment?
Treatment that uses drugs that travel through the blood stream reaching and affecting cells all over the body
40
What 2 types of categories are there for treatments of the Skin?
Topical Treatments (Try Topical Steroids) Systemic Treatments Always try Topical Treatments first since they cause less side effects
41
Biopsychosocial impact of Psoriasis
People are treated as if they are contagious when psoriasis is not contagious
42
Common triggers of Psoriasis
Injury to skin Excess alcohol Smoking Stress
43
What is Eczema?
Chronic Skin Inflammation Skin inflammation = Dermatitis
44
What causes Eczema?
Internal Cause (Atopy/Atopic Dermatitis) External cause (occupation related for example)
45
What is Atopy? (Triad)
Asthma Hay fever Eczema
46
Main symptoms of Eczema
Red, dry, itchy skin rash Patches usually seen in creases of elbows and knees (flexor region) Inflammation, cracking and bleeding may occur
47
Treatments for Eczema
Topical Steroids Systemic (Anti-histamines)
48
What is malignant melanoma?
Skin cancer that affects Melanocytes (Cells that produce Melanosomes that make Melanin)
49
Risk factors for Malignant Melanoma
Genetics (CDKN2A mutation) UV Exposure Type of skin
50
Biopsychosocial effects of Eczema
CHildren have worse quality of life Children may miss days off school, skip activities, social isolation
51
2 Types of Malignant Melanoma
Nodular Melanomas Lentigo maligna
52
What characterises a Nodular Melanoma?
Lump changing colour like black to red Often bleed or ooze as a symptom
53
How is Lentigo Maligna characterised
Initially flat and develop sideways (slowly) May gradually get bigger and change shape
54
How is Malignant melanoma treated
Wide local excision (surgically removed if not too deep) Radio/chemotherapy (bad side effects)
55
What is Vitiligo?
Long term condition where pale white patches develop on the skin due to lack of pigmentation (lack of melanin production)
56
What causes vitiligo?
Autoimmune condition Hereditary (genetics) Trigger events (stress)
57
What are the 2 Types of Vitiligo?
Segmental (Unilateral vitiligo) Non-segmental (Bilateral vitiligo)
58
What is non-segmental Vitiligo?
When the symptoms appear SYMMETRICALLY on both sides of the body as white patches MOST COMMON FORM OF VITILIGO
59
What is segmental vitiligo?
When the symptoms of vitiligo (the white patches) only affect one part of the body Less common form of Vitiligo
60
Biopsychosocial problems with Vitiligo
Discredited stigma
61
Treating vitiligo
Topical steroids Make up (cosmetic camouflage) Sunscreen Calcineurin inhibitors (immunosuppressants)
62
What causes non segmental vitiligo?
Autoimmune condition T Cells attack and destroy healthy Melanocytes Less melanosomes so less melanin produced to protect DNA from UV damage
63
What causes segmental vitiligo?
Nerve endings in skin release neurochemicals Neurochemicals increase [ROS] Causes melanocytes to autolyse (so less melanin)
64
What causes Alopecia?
Autoimmune condition Bodies T cells attack healthy hair follicles and suppress or stop growth
65
What is Acne?
Skin condition affecting the sebaceous glands
66
What are sebaceous glands?
Holocrine glands that produce and release sebum Sebum = mixture of oils Lubricates skin protecting it from friction
67
Symptoms of Comedonal Acne = Non inflammatory acne
Open Comedones = black head (melanin trapped in open pits Closed Comedones = White heads (hair follicle is blocked) Papules
68
Symptoms of Inflammatory Acne
Pimples filled with pus (dead cells and oils) Pustules Scars

Y1 - Body Logs (25 decks)

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