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My Body Logs > Lecture 16 - Cartilage > Flashcards

Lecture 16 - Cartilage Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 3 types of cartilage?

A

Hyaline Cartilage
Elastic Cartilage
Fibrocartilage

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2
Q

What does the matrix of all cartilage contain?

A

Proteoglycans
Hyaluronic acid

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3
Q

What cells does all connective tissue contain?

A

Chondrocytes

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4
Q

What do Chondrocytes of cartilage produce?

A

Fibres
-Collagen I
-Collage II
-Elastin

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5
Q

What does the matrix of Hyaline cartilage contain?

A

Collagen II
Proteoglycans
Hyaluronic acid

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6
Q

What does the matrix of Elastic cartilage contain?

A

Collagen II
ELASTIN
Proteoglycans
Hyaluronic acid

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7
Q

What does the matrix of Fibrocartilage contain?

A

COLLAGEN I
Proteoglycans
Hyaluronic acid

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8
Q

What cell type is present in Fibrocartilage that is not present in Hyaline Cartilage or Elastic cartilage?

A

FIBROblasts

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9
Q

What type of cartilage acts as a template for bone production (Endochondral ossification)?

A

Hyaline Cartilage

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10
Q

In hyaline cartilage, Chondrocytes can be found alone or together in groups, what are these groups called?

A

Isogenous groups

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11
Q

What are the grooves called which Chondrocytes are found in?

A

Lacunae

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12
Q

What are the 3 regions found in Hyaline cartilage?

A

Perichondrial region

Maturing chondral region

Mature chondral region

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13
Q

What is the function of the perichondral region of hyaline cartilage?

A

Contains stem cells
Differentiate to form chondroblasts

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14
Q

What occurs int he maturing chondral region?

A

Chondroblasts mature to Chondrocytes

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15
Q

What occurs in the mature chondral region of hyaline cartilage?

A

Chondrocytes produce Collagen II and maintains the extracellular matrix

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16
Q

What makes cartilage good at shock absorption?

A

ECM has high water content
Hyaluronic acid helps

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17
Q

What is interstitial growth of cartilage?

A

Chondrocytes secrete new matrix within the cartilage causing it to grow in LENGTH

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18
Q

What is appositional growth of cartilage?

A

When Chondrocytes secrete new matrix along existing surfaces causing the cartilage to expand and widen

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19
Q

Where do the Chondrocytes receive nutrients from in hyaline cartilage if its Avascular?

A

Nutrients from bone can diffuse through the loose extracellular matrix

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20
Q

Where is Hyaline cartilage found?

A

Trachea
Bronchi
Nose
Articulations surfaces of bones

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21
Q

What type of tissue is perichondrium?

A

Dense connective tissue

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22
Q

What type of cells line the trachea?

A

Pseudostratified ciliates columnar epithelial cells

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23
Q

What type of cartilage is the C shaped cartilage reinforcing and holding the airway open?

A

Hyaline cartilage

24
Q

What are articulations surfaces?

A

Joints between bones

25
Q

In rheumatoid arthritis, what cartilage is attacked?

A

The hyaline cartilage of the articular surfaces (cartilage of the joints)

26
Q

What are osteophytes?

A

When osteocytes form bony spicules on cartilage as a result of cartilage damage

27
Q

Way to remember where elastic tissue is found?
Where is Elastic tissue found?

A

The 3 E’s

Epiglottis
Eustachian tube
Ear (pinna)

28
Q

What is the Eustachian tube?

A

Tube connecting ear drum to mouth

Role = allows pressure equalisation

29
Q

What is the Epiglottis?

A

The flap sitting across the top of the oesophagus which moves to unblock oesophagus when eating

30
Q

What colour does elastic fibres stain in elastic cartilage?

A

Intense purple

31
Q

What 2 types of cell does Fibrocartilage contain?

A

Chondrocytes
Fibroblasts

32
Q

How are the cells distributed in Fibrocartilage?

A

In rows

33
Q

Where is Fibrocartilage found?

A

Intervertebral discs
Menisci of knee joint
Pubic symphysis

34
Q

What are the properties of Fibrocartilage?

A

Resilient
Shock absorption
Resists shearing forces

35
Q

What is the function of hyaline cartilage?

A

Template for bone formation
Smooth surface for articulations
Provides suppport

36
Q

What is the function of elastic cartilage?

A

Provides flexibility with elastic recoil

37
Q

What is the function of Fibrocartilage?

A

Provides tensile strength
Resists compression
Bears weight

38
Q

How does Hyalin cartilage appear?

A

Glossy matrix
Groups of Chondrocytes in lacunae
Invisible collagen II fibres

39
Q

How does elastic cartilage appear?

A

Light staining matrix
Dark staining elastic fibres

40
Q

How does Fibrocartilage appear?

A

Thick bundles of collagen II
Sparse collage I
Long rows of Chondrocytes in lacunae

41
Q

In Endochondral ossification what happens to collagen II of hyaline cartilage?

A

It’s converted to Collagen I

42
Q

What happens in the zone of proliferation in cartilage at the epiphyseal growth plate?

A

Cells divide and secrete matrix

43
Q

What happens in the zone of hypertrophy in cartilage at the epiphyseal growth plate?

A

Cells enlarge compressing matrix into linear bands

44
Q

What happens in the zone of calcified cartilage in cartilage at the epiphyseal growth plate?

A

Enlarged cells degenerate and matrix calcifies forming cartilage spicules

45
Q

What happens in the zone of resorption in cartilage at the epiphyseal growth plate?

A

Bone laid down on the cartilage spicules

46
Q

What is mutated in Achondroplasia?

A

FGFR3 gene

47
Q

What does FGF (Fibroblast Growth Factor) promote?

A

Collagen formation from cartilage

48
Q

What is affected in Achondroplasia?

A

Endochondral ossification

49
Q

What dos Achondrooplasia cause in an individual?

A

Short stature (normal sized head and torso)

50
Q

What are the 2 types of arthritis?

A

Osteoarthritis
Rheumatoid arthritis

51
Q

What is Osteoarthritis?

A

Age related degeneration of articular cartilage
Joint space narrows
Bone rubs against bone

52
Q

How is pain caused in Osteoarthritis?

A

Growth of bony spurs occurs (osteophytes)
Causes pain and inflammation

53
Q

What type of disease is Rheumatoid arthritis?

A

Autoimmune disease

54
Q

What is attacked in Rheumatoid arthritis?

A

Auto antibodies attack synovial membrane
Synovial cells become inflammed
Inflammed synovial cells proliferate forming a pannus
Pannus degenerates cartilage and bone at joint causing deformity

55
Q

How does Rheumatoid arthritis cause pain/

A

Synovial membrane gets inflammed thickening the joint capsule

Damages bone and cartilage causing osteophytes to be made

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