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Y1 - Body Logs > Lecture 16 - Cartilage > Flashcards

Lecture 16 - Cartilage Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the 3 types of cartilage?

A

Hyaline Cartilage
Elastic Cartilage
Fibrocartilage

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2
Q

What does the matrix of all cartilage contain?

A

Proteoglycans
Hyaluronic acid

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3
Q

What cells does all connective tissue contain?

A

Chondrocytes

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4
Q

What do Chondrocytes of cartilage produce?

A

Fibres
-Collagen I
-Collage II
-Elastin

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5
Q

What does the matrix of Hyaline cartilage contain?

A

Collagen II
Proteoglycans
Hyaluronic acid

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6
Q

What does the matrix of Elastic cartilage contain?

A

Collagen II
ELASTIN
Proteoglycans
Hyaluronic acid

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7
Q

What does the matrix of Fibrocartilage contain?

A

COLLAGEN I
Proteoglycans
Hyaluronic acid

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8
Q

What cell type is present in Fibrocartilage that is not present in Hyaline Cartilage or Elastic cartilage?

A

FIBROblasts

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9
Q

What type of cartilage acts as a template for bone production (Endochondral ossification)?

A

Hyaline Cartilage

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10
Q

In hyaline cartilage, Chondrocytes can be found alone or together in groups, what are these groups called?

A

Isogenous groups

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11
Q

What are the grooves called which Chondrocytes are found in?

A

Lacunae

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12
Q

What are the 3 regions found in Hyaline cartilage?

A

Perichondrial region

Maturing chondral region

Mature chondral region

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13
Q

What is the function of the perichondral region of hyaline cartilage?

A

Contains stem cells
Differentiate to form chondroblasts

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14
Q

What occurs int he maturing chondral region?

A

Chondroblasts mature to Chondrocytes

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15
Q

What occurs in the mature chondral region of hyaline cartilage?

A

Chondrocytes produce Collagen II and maintains the extracellular matrix

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16
Q

What makes cartilage good at shock absorption?

A

ECM has high water content
Hyaluronic acid helps

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17
Q

What is interstitial growth of cartilage?

A

Chondrocytes secrete new matrix within the cartilage causing it to grow in LENGTH

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18
Q

What is appositional growth of cartilage?

A

When Chondrocytes secrete new matrix along existing surfaces causing the cartilage to expand and widen

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19
Q

Where do the Chondrocytes receive nutrients from in hyaline cartilage if its Avascular?

A

Nutrients from bone can diffuse through the loose extracellular matrix

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20
Q

Where is Hyaline cartilage found?

A

Trachea
Bronchi
Nose
Articulations surfaces of bones

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21
Q

What type of tissue is perichondrium?

A

Dense connective tissue

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22
Q

What type of cells line the trachea?

A

Pseudostratified ciliates columnar epithelial cells

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23
Q

What type of cartilage is the C shaped cartilage reinforcing and holding the airway open?

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A

Hyaline cartilage

24
Q

What are articulations surfaces?

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A

Joints between bones

25
In rheumatoid arthritis, what cartilage is attacked?
The hyaline cartilage of the articular surfaces (cartilage of the joints)
26
What are osteophytes?
When osteocytes form bony spicules on cartilage as a result of cartilage damage
27
Way to remember where elastic tissue is found? Where is Elastic tissue found?
The 3 E’s Epiglottis Eustachian tube Ear (pinna)
28
What is the Eustachian tube?
Tube connecting ear drum to mouth Role = allows pressure equalisation
29
What is the Epiglottis?
The flap sitting across the top of the oesophagus which moves to unblock oesophagus when eating
30
What colour does elastic fibres stain in elastic cartilage?
Intense purple
31
What 2 types of cell does Fibrocartilage contain?
Chondrocytes Fibroblasts
32
How are the cells distributed in Fibrocartilage?
In rows
33
Where is Fibrocartilage found?
Intervertebral discs Menisci of knee joint Pubic symphysis
34
What are the properties of Fibrocartilage?
Resilient Shock absorption Resists shearing forces
35
What is the function of hyaline cartilage?
Template for bone formation Smooth surface for articulations Provides suppport
36
What is the function of elastic cartilage?
Provides flexibility with elastic recoil
37
What is the function of Fibrocartilage?
Provides tensile strength Resists compression Bears weight
38
How does Hyalin cartilage appear?
Glossy matrix Groups of Chondrocytes in lacunae Invisible collagen II fibres
39
How does elastic cartilage appear?
Light staining matrix Dark staining elastic fibres
40
How does Fibrocartilage appear?
Thick bundles of collagen II Sparse collage I Long rows of Chondrocytes in lacunae
41
In Endochondral ossification what happens to collagen II of hyaline cartilage?
It’s converted to Collagen I
42
What happens in the zone of proliferation in cartilage at the epiphyseal growth plate?
Cells divide and secrete matrix
43
What happens in the zone of hypertrophy in cartilage at the epiphyseal growth plate?
Cells enlarge compressing matrix into linear bands
44
What happens in the zone of calcified cartilage in cartilage at the epiphyseal growth plate?
Enlarged cells degenerate and matrix calcifies forming cartilage spicules
45
What happens in the zone of resorption in cartilage at the epiphyseal growth plate?
Bone laid down on the cartilage spicules
46
What is mutated in Achondroplasia?
FGFR3 gene
47
What does FGF (Fibroblast Growth Factor) promote?
Collagen formation from cartilage
48
What is affected in Achondroplasia?
Endochondral ossification
49
What dos Achondrooplasia cause in an individual?
Short stature (normal sized head and torso)
50
What are the 2 types of arthritis?
Osteoarthritis Rheumatoid arthritis
51
What is Osteoarthritis?
Age related degeneration of articular cartilage Joint space narrows Bone rubs against bone
52
How is pain caused in Osteoarthritis?
Growth of bony spurs occurs (osteophytes) Causes pain and inflammation
53
What type of disease is Rheumatoid arthritis?
Autoimmune disease
54
What is attacked in Rheumatoid arthritis?
Auto antibodies attack synovial membrane Synovial cells become inflammed Inflammed synovial cells proliferate forming a pannus Pannus degenerates cartilage and bone at joint causing deformity
55
How does Rheumatoid arthritis cause pain/
Synovial membrane gets inflammed thickening the joint capsule Damages bone and cartilage causing osteophytes to be made

Y1 - Body Logs (25 decks)

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