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254 - anatomy > lecture 20: the autonomic nervous system (ANS) > Flashcards

lecture 20: the autonomic nervous system (ANS) Flashcards

1
Q

the CNS is made up of what two “organs

A

brain and spinal cord

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2
Q

what is the function of the SC

A

connects the brain to the rest of the body

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3
Q

what are the two divisions of PNS

A

autonomic and somatic

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4
Q

what does the autonomic division do

A

regulates internal environment. carries info from the CNS to organs, blood, vessels, and glands

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5
Q

what structures does the autonomic division send signs from SNS to

A

organs, blood vessels and glands

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6
Q

what are the 2 divisions of the autonomic division

A

sympathetic and parasympatethic

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7
Q

synpathetic aorunds or inhibits the body

A

arouses

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8
Q

parasympathsetic inhibits or arouses the body

A

inhibts

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9
Q

where does the somatic division carry info

A

to the cns from sksetal muscels

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10
Q

the ANS constants of what 4 things

A

1) autonomic sensory neurons
2) integrating centers
3) autonomic motor neurons
4) enteric division

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11
Q

where are autonomic sensory neurons found

A

found in visceral
organs & blood vessels

(everywhere except skeletal)

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12
Q

where do autonomic motor neurons propagate

A

Propagate from CNS

to various effector tissues)

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13
Q

what is the enteric division

A

specialized network found within

walls of gastrointestinal (GI) tract).

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14
Q

the ANS consists of fibers that innervate voluntary or involuntary muscle

A

involuntary

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15
Q

what types of muscle fibers does ANS innervatet

A

smooth, cardiac and gladns

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16
Q

the vsiceral afferent and visceral efferent fibers travel together or seprates in the ANS

A

togerher

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17
Q

the afferent cmopoent of the ANS is comprised of

A

autonomic reflexs and pain fibers

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18
Q

what does efferent component regulate

A

regulation of visceral function

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19
Q

in the ANS there is 1 or 2 motor nervons in series

A

222

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20
Q

in the somatic system, there are 1 or 2 motor neurons in series

A

1

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21
Q

for the efferent compoent there is also 1 or two motor neruons inn seres

A

2 motor neurons in seeries

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22
Q

the 2 motor neurons in series are composed of only myelinated fibers

A

false

myelinated then unmyeleninated

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23
Q

what is the main difference betwen motor neurons in the SNS vs ANS

A

in the ANS there are two motor neurons in series whereas SNS is only 1 motor neuron

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24
Q

visceral efferent pathways of the PNS (where do the signls of the ANS travel to)

A

1) smooth msucles
2) cardiac msycles
3) glands

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25
Q

what do motor neurons in the ANS do what to smooth msucels

A

contract/relax

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26
Q

what do motor neurons in the ANS do in cardiac muscles

A

increae or derease rate/force of contraction

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27
Q

what do motor neurons in the ANS do in the glands

A

oncrease or decrease secretions

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28
Q

what is ANS orgnaized into what

A

nerves/ganglia and plexuses

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29
Q

what is a ganglia

A

cluster of cell bodies

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30
Q

what is plexuses

A

cluster of ganglia

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31
Q

true or false; ganglia/ plexuses of the ANS lie outside or inside of the spinal cord

A

outside

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32
Q

what are some examples of ANS plexuses

A

Celiac plexus
• Superior mesenteric plexus
• Inferior mesenteric plexus

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33
Q

what is anoyher nake for the sympathetic division

A

thoracolumbar

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34
Q

thoracolumbar is made from what spinal nevres

A

Ti-L2

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35
Q

what is anotyher name for the parasympathic division

A

craniosacral

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36
Q

craniosacral division is made from what nerves

A

4 cranial nerves (3,7,9,10)

and s2-s4

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37
Q

in the visceral efferent pathway of the ANS where are neurons mainly located

A

in lateral grey bodies with some in the anterior horn

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38
Q

the first visceral efferent (motor) passes throuh what

A

preganglionic neuron to synaptse in autonomic ganglion

39
Q

the second visceral efferent (motor) passes throuh what and to where

A

pass through to the postganglionic neyron to the effector (smooth or cardia ms/glands)

40
Q

the preganglionic neurons are callled so until they synapse with whaat

A

another visceral efferent neuron

41
Q

where does the synapse of the preganglionic neuronn with the synapse of another vsiceral neuronn occur

A

in the autonomic ganglia

42
Q

what are the 3 locationns of the autonomic ganglia

A
  1. Sympathetic Trunk (chain)
  2. Prevertebral (collateral) Ganglion
  3. Terminal (Intramural) Ganglion
43
Q

which 2 locations of the ganglia are for the sympathetic ANS

A

1) Sympathetic Trunk (chain)

2. Prevertebral (collateral) Ganglion

44
Q

what location of the ganglia is for parasympathic divisionn

A
  1. Terminal (Intramural) Ganglion
45
Q

the sympatheic trunk (chain) is 2 long chainns where in relation to vertebra

A

on each side of vertebrea, parallel to it

46
Q

the prevertebral ganglion is located where in relation of vert

A

centrally, anterior to the large abdominal arteries

47
Q

true or false: the sympathtic trunk is continous or discontinuou

A

continous

48
Q

the terminal ganglia are locaed where

A

very close to or in the visceral effectors (smooth muscles, cardia muscle, galnds)
in or just arounf the outside walls of organs

49
Q

where do prevertebral ganglio get their names

A

frrom the arteries there are located in front of

50
Q

what are the 2 names of prevertberal ganglionn

A

Celiac ganglion (celiac artery)
§ Superior & Inferior Mesenteric ganglion (superior &
inferior mesenteric artery)

51
Q

both the sympathetic trunk & paravertebral ganglia recieve

their preganglionic fibers from where

A

the THORACOLUMBAR

SYMPATHETIC DIVISION of the ANS

52
Q

the terminal ganglion receives preganglionic fibers directly from what

A

CRANIOSACRAL PARASYMPATHETIC division of the

ANS

53
Q

all ganglia receive pre or post ganglionic neruons/fibers

A

preganglionic

54
Q

thw The preganglionic fibers of the sym division have their cell bodies located
where

A

in the Lateral Grey Horns of the spinal cord

55
Q

do the autonomic efferent fibers exit through the dorsal root or the ventral root

A

ventral root

56
Q

true or false: the ANS and Somactic efferent fibers both pass through the dorsal root

A

false, ventral room

57
Q

The Autonomic Efferent Fibers leave by what

A

the ventral root of the spinal nerve accompanying the Somatic
Efferent Fibers

58
Q

what are the spinal segments invovled in the synpatethic divisons are

A

T1-T12, L1, L2

=thoracicolumbar division

59
Q

how do the preganglionic fibers enter the sympathetic trunk/chain

A

by way of the White Rami Communicans

From the ventral ramus of the spinal nerve

60
Q

the preganglionic fibers can synapse in what location

A

at the thoracolumbar or can go up or down to another level to synapise woth the post ganglionic neuron

61
Q

after the synapse, the postganglionic fibers of the sympathtic division enters what

A

the ventral rami of the spinal nerve by way of the Grey Rami

Communicans

62
Q

true or false: Some presynaptic (sympathetic) fibrers/neurons DO NOT
synapse in the sympathetic trunk

A

true

63
Q

in the ANS there is 1 or 2 motor nervons in series

A

222

64
Q

be able to describe the symapthetic divison (the way the signal travels)

A

.

65
Q

if the presynaptic fibers of the sympathetic division do not sympase at the trunk and pass right through, they will later synapse where

A

in the prevertebral (collateral ganglia)

66
Q

what are some examples of ganglia that are part of the prevertrbreal (collateral) ganglion

A

celiac

sup/inf mesentiera ganglia

67
Q

what are the presynaatic nerves of the sympatheitc nervous system that synaptse in the prevertberal ganglia called

A

splanchnic nerves

68
Q

where are splanchnin nerves found

A

below the diapragm

69
Q

1 pressymaptic neuron may synapse with as many as how many postsynaptic nerons

A

20

70
Q

why is is that most sympathetic responses have a wide spread effect on the body

A

because one presynaptic neuron can sympase with up to 20 post synaptic neurons

71
Q

what is another name for celiac plexus

A

solar plexus

72
Q

what is the celiac plexus compresed of

A

celiac ganglia, super mesentiec ganglian and other small ones

73
Q

where does the celeiac plexus lie

A

in the anterior aorta at the orgion of the celiac artery

74
Q

where are the preganglion cell bodies found for the parasympathetic divison

A

found in the lateral grey horms of the spinal cord and in the nuceli of crnail nerves 3,7,9,10

75
Q

where do the preganglionic fibres/neurons in the parasympahtmic come from>

A

cranial nerves 3,7,9,10 and ventrial roots of spinal nerves 23-24

76
Q

where do all presynaptic nerves of the parasympathetic divison synapse

A

in the terminal (intramural ganglion)

77
Q

true or false: presynaptic neruons of the parasympathtic division pass trhough the smypathic chain

A

false, complettely pass through it and the prevertebral ganglion

78
Q

post ganglionic fibres of the sympathetic division release what

A

norepinephrine

79
Q

does norepinephrin increase or decrease activtiies of organs

A

increased

80
Q

what are the fibers that release norepinephrin called

A

ADRENIC FIBERS

81
Q

what are some aspects of fight or flight

A

incerase heart rate, agression ,adrenaline
increase blood flow to skeletal and cardiac (vasodilate(
vasoconstrict non essential organs

82
Q

the post gangilinc fibers of the sympathetic division released noreipnephne to EVERY effector

A

false, all except sweat glands (they respond to actyl

83
Q

all preganglionic fibers secreet what NT

A

acetylcholine

84
Q

all postganglionic neurons secrete what NT

A

either acetylcholine or noreponprine (depending on sympactjeic)

85
Q

postganglionic fibers of the parasympathetic division release what

A

acetylecholine

86
Q

does acetylcholine increase or decrease the activtity of organs

A

decrased

87
Q

fibers that release acetyl choline are called what

A

cholinergic gibers

88
Q

what is the function of releasing acetylcholine

A

maintaine the organs level of actitiy to pressure

homeostatis (blanace of bodily functions)

89
Q

true or false: both post and proganglionic fibers secrete acetyl cholone>

A

true

90
Q

in stressful sitautions, what division is dominant

A

sympathic

91
Q

in non stressful sitations, what division is dominant

A

parasymp

92
Q

are either of the diviwions ever completely off?

A

no they are always on byt at varying levels

93
Q

sympatanic is another nake for adregeric or cholinergic

A

adrenergic

94
Q

parasympathtic is another name for adregernic or cholingernic

A

cholingernic

254 - anatomy (17 decks)

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