lecture 4: systemic circulation Flashcards
(134 cards)
1
Q
arteries carry blood from where to where
A
from the heart to other organs
2
Q
if arteries are considered, what type of arteries
A
conducting arteries
3
Q
arteries divide into medium-sized arteries called what
A
distributing arteies
4
Q
the high elastin component of arteries do what
A
dampen the BP from heart contractions
5
Q
what dampens the BP from heart contraction
A
high elastin component of arteries
6
Q
arterioles are smaller what
A
smaller arteries
7
Q
what are divisions of medium sized arteries
A
arterioles
8
Q
arterioles divide into what
A
capillaries
9
Q
capillaries are where what happens
A
where substances are exchanged between blood and body tissues
10
Q
groups of capillaries combined to form what
A
small veins called venules
11
Q
what are capillaries large enough for
A
1 erythocyte at a time
12
Q
merging of venules forms what
A
larger blood vessels
13
Q
where do veins carry blood
A
carry blood from tissues back to the heart
14
Q
what does vasa vasorum mean
A
“vascularture of vessels”
15
Q
where is vasa vasorum located
A
in the walls of larger blood vessels
16
Q
what does vasa vasorum supply
A
supples oxygen and nutrients to those larger blood vessels
17
Q
what are the 3 layers of the artery wall
A
tunica interna
tunica media
tunica externa
18
Q
which layer of the artery is closest to lumen
A
tunica interna
19
Q
what is the tunica interna
A
smooth surface, prevents friction
20
Q
which is the thickest layer and highly elastic of the artery
A
tunica media
21
Q
what does the tunica media do
A
smooth muscle
vasoconstriction/vasodilation
22
Q
what is the tunica externa made from
A
elastic and collagen fibers
23
Q
what is the function of tunica externa
A
protects vessels
anchors it to surrounding strucctures
24
Q
why are the walls thicker in arteries instead of veins
A
need to withstand more pressure
25
which are the resistance vessels
arterioles
26
what is the function of arterioles
play a key role in regulating blood flow into capillaries
| change in diamter affects blood pressire
27
which are the exchanging vessels
capillaries
28
what connects arterioles and venules
capillaries
29
where is there no capillaries found?
none are found in the lining epithelia, cornea, lens
| and cartilage
30
what is the main function of capillaries
Allow exchange of nutrients and wastes between
| the blood and tissue cells
31
true or false: the capillaries have no tunica externa only
false, no externa or media
32
if there is a low metabolic need, what happens to blood flow in the capillary
blood flows through a small portion of the capillary network
33
if there is an increase metabolic activity, what happens to blood flow in caps
the entire network fills with blood
34
1 meta arteriole supplies how many capillaries
10-100 capillaries (cap bed)
35
what supplies the capillary bed
meta arteriole
36
what is the function of precapillary sphincters?
limits filling of capillary bed
37
the union of several capillaries is called...
venules
38
what is the function of venules
collects blood form several caps and drain into veins
39
venules are missing what layer of vessels
no tunica externa
40
true or false: veins contract tunica interna, media and externa?
true but thinner and more easier to damage
41
true or false: veins can withstand very high pressures
false cannot withstand high pressures
42
pumping of venous blood back to the heart is done through what 3 mechanisms
Pumping of the heart
• Contraction of skeletal muscles in lower limbs
• Valves found in the veins
43
what does each valve have and what does that allow
2 or more folds of tunica interna forming cusps projecting towards the heart
44
leaky venous valves cause what
varicose veins
45
at rest, where is most blood stored
veins
46
systemic circulation includes what 4 things
* cerebral circulation
* portal system
* all arteries branching from the aorta (Including coronary circulation)
* all veins draining into the IVC, SVC, coronary sinus
47
what drains the heart
coronary sinus
48
IVC drains what
legs, torso and below heart
49
SVC drains what
head, neck UP and above ear
50
what are the arteries of the head and neck
brachiocephalic (only right)
subclavian
common carotid
51
brachiocephalic is only found on the right or left side
right side
52
what are the 3 branches off the arch of aorta?
1) brachiocephalic ( only right)
2) common carotid
3) subclavian
53
what branches of the subclavian
vertebral artery
internal mammary (ant intercostals)
54
how many anterior intercostals do we have
9
55
what 5 branches off the external carotid
```
sup thyroid
lingual
facial
occipital
posterior auricular
```
56
put these in order from inferior to superior
| lingual, facial,, sup. thyroid, occipital, posterior auricular
```
sup thyroid
lingual
facial
occipital
posterior auricular
```
57
what does external carotid split into
maxillary
| superficial temporal
58
what does maxillary supply
deep skull, orbit, teeth, muscles of mastication, dura mater
59
what does maxillary artery further subdivide into
middle meningeal
| infraorbital
60
infraorbital passes through where
infraorbital foramen
61
meddle meningeal is immediately deep to what
temporal bone
62
what foramen does middle meningeal pass thru
foramen spinosum
63
what does superficial temporal branch (4)
frontal
parietal
transverse facial
zygomatic orbital
64
thoracic aorta branches out into what
posterior intercostal
65
how many posterior intercostal arteries are there
total of 9 pairs
66
when does thoracic aorta become abdominal aorta
at the diaphragm
67
what are the 3 branches of the celiac trunk
Left Gastric
• Splenic
• Common Hepatic
68
what does superior mesenteric artery supply
supplies most of the intestines, head of the pancreas (R.)
69
what are the branches off the abdominal aorta
```
inferior phrenic
celiac trunk
superior mesenteric
suprarenal/adrenal
renal
testicular/ovarian
inferior mesenteric
```
70
celiac trunk supplies
GI tract, spleen
71
inferior phrenic supplies what
diaphragm
72
suprarenal supples
adrenal glands
73
renal supplies the...
kidneys
74
superior mesentery supplies
GI tract (small and large int and pancreas)
75
testicular/ovarian supply
the gonads
76
interior mesenteric supplies what
GI tract
77
what does abdominal aorta divide into (2)
common iliac aorta
78
what does common iliac divides into
internal and external iliac aorta
79
what does external iliac supply
lower extremities
80
what does internal iliac supple
supplies pelvis and perineum
81
gastroduondenal supplies
stomach, duodenum, pancreas, greater omentum
82
gastric artery supplies
stomach and esophagus
83
common hepatic supply what
liver, gallbladder and stomach
84
what does gastroepiploic supply
stomach and great omentum
85
what artery branches off the splenic
left gastroepliploic
86
what arteries branch off common hepatic
R gastric
gastroduodenal
right and left hepatic
cystic
87
what does gastroduodenal branch into
superior pancreaticoduodenal
| right gastroepiploic
88
be able to identity all the branches and diagrams
.
89
what does superior mesenteric split into
interior pancreaticoduodenal
middle colic
right colic
ileocolic
intestinal
90
what does ileocolic branch into
illeal and colic branches
91
what does intestinal branch into
jejunal artery and ileal artery
92
what does inferior mesenteric divide into
left colic (sup and inf)
sigmoid a
superior rectal
93
what vein drains head, neck and upper limb
SVC
94
how does SVC drain intercostal and lumbar regions
by a collection of veins called azygos system
95
true or false: there are no major veins draining the GI tract, gall bladder and pancreas
true
96
GI. tract, gall bladder and pancreas use what to carry blood to the lier
portal system
97
liver is drained by what veins
hepatic veins
98
hepatic veins drain into...
IVC
99
testicular/ovarian veins are located on what side of the body only
right side only
100
azygos system is inside where
thoracic cage
101
azygos system drains what
drains thorax region
drains deep lumbar region
connects to IVC
102
what provides a detour from the IVC to SVC
azygos system
103
what are the 2 branches off the azygos vein
hemiazygos
| 2) accessory hemiazygos
104
what does portal system do (2)
1) Detours blood from the GI organs and spleen through the liver
before going into the IVC
2) Carries blood from one capillary network to another without
going through the heart
105
true or false: portal system is rich in substances after a meal
true
106
pulmonary circulation carries blood from where to where
from right ventricle to air sacs within the lungs (alveoli)
107
where is the blood the most deoxygenated
leaving the right ventricle (pulm trunk)
108
pulmonary arteries carry what type of blood
deoxygnated
109
pulmonary veins carry what type of blood
oxygenated
110
where are the only two places in the body where the arteries carry deoxy and veins carry oxy
pulm arteries and veins
111
pulmonary trunk splints into what
R/L pulm arteries (only arteries to carry deoxy blood)
112
CO2 passes into where
alveoli
113
inhaled O2 moves from air to ..
blood
114
pulmonary veins transport oxygenated blood to where
L atrium
115
arteries of pulmonary circulation are less or more elastic
less (have thinner walls)
116
peak systolic pressure in the R ventricle is higher or lower than the pressure in L
lower
117
what organs do not function until after birth
lung
kidneys
GI tract
118
how does the fetus obtains o2 and nutrients
by diffusion from maternal blood and eliminates co2 the same way
119
what organ allows the fetus to receive o2 and nutrients
placenta
120
what is the function of foramen ovale
blood can pass through diff sides of heart
121
what is the function of ductus arteriosus
connect pulm artery to aorta
122
foramen ovale becomes ...
fossa ovalis
123
ductus arteriosus becomes
ligamentum arteriosum
124
after birth the umbilical cord becomes what
Umbilical cord becomes a fibrous cord called the medial
| umbilical ligament
125
after birth, umbilical vein becomes what
ligmenteum teres
126
after birth, ductus venosum becomes what
lig. venosum
127
Which of the following is NOT a site of
hemopoiesis in the adult body?
A. Sternum
B. Spleen
C. Vertebrae
D. Head of Humerus
E. Parietal bones
spleen
128
The predominant type of blood plasma protein
| is:
albumins
129
The structure of erythrocytes makes them
| highly specialized for what
oxygen tranports
130
function of platelets
clotting
131
the apex of the heart is found where
inferior left point
132
the layer of the heart wall that is composed of cardiac muscle is the
myocardium
133
which vessel carries the most highly oxygenated blood
pulm veins
134
blood in the SVC passes into the...
right atrium
