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254 - anatomy > lecture 4: systemic circulation > Flashcards

lecture 4: systemic circulation Flashcards

1
Q

arteries carry blood from where to where

A

from the heart to other organs

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2
Q

if arteries are considered, what type of arteries

A

conducting arteries

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3
Q

arteries divide into medium-sized arteries called what

A

distributing arteies

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4
Q

the high elastin component of arteries do what

A

dampen the BP from heart contractions

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5
Q

what dampens the BP from heart contraction

A

high elastin component of arteries

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6
Q

arterioles are smaller what

A

smaller arteries

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7
Q

what are divisions of medium sized arteries

A

arterioles

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8
Q

arterioles divide into what

A

capillaries

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9
Q

capillaries are where what happens

A

where substances are exchanged between blood and body tissues

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10
Q

groups of capillaries combined to form what

A

small veins called venules

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11
Q

what are capillaries large enough for

A

1 erythocyte at a time

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12
Q

merging of venules forms what

A

larger blood vessels

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13
Q

where do veins carry blood

A

carry blood from tissues back to the heart

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14
Q

what does vasa vasorum mean

A

“vascularture of vessels”

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15
Q

where is vasa vasorum located

A

in the walls of larger blood vessels

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16
Q

what does vasa vasorum supply

A

supples oxygen and nutrients to those larger blood vessels

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17
Q

what are the 3 layers of the artery wall

A

tunica interna
tunica media
tunica externa

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18
Q

which layer of the artery is closest to lumen

A

tunica interna

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19
Q

what is the tunica interna

A

smooth surface, prevents friction

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20
Q

which is the thickest layer and highly elastic of the artery

A

tunica media

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21
Q

what does the tunica media do

A

smooth muscle

vasoconstriction/vasodilation

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22
Q

what is the tunica externa made from

A

elastic and collagen fibers

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23
Q

what is the function of tunica externa

A

protects vessels

anchors it to surrounding strucctures

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24
Q

why are the walls thicker in arteries instead of veins

A

need to withstand more pressure

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25
Q

which are the resistance vessels

A

arterioles

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26
Q

what is the function of arterioles

A

play a key role in regulating blood flow into capillaries

change in diamter affects blood pressire

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27
Q

which are the exchanging vessels

A

capillaries

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28
Q

what connects arterioles and venules

A

capillaries

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29
Q

where is there no capillaries found?

A

none are found in the lining epithelia, cornea, lens

and cartilage

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30
Q

what is the main function of capillaries

A

Allow exchange of nutrients and wastes between

the blood and tissue cells

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31
Q

true or false: the capillaries have no tunica externa only

A

false, no externa or media

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32
Q

if there is a low metabolic need, what happens to blood flow in the capillary

A

blood flows through a small portion of the capillary network

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33
Q

if there is an increase metabolic activity, what happens to blood flow in caps

A

the entire network fills with blood

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34
Q

1 meta arteriole supplies how many capillaries

A

10-100 capillaries (cap bed)

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35
Q

what supplies the capillary bed

A

meta arteriole

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36
Q

what is the function of precapillary sphincters?

A

limits filling of capillary bed

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37
Q

the union of several capillaries is called…

A

venules

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38
Q

what is the function of venules

A

collects blood form several caps and drain into veins

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39
Q

venules are missing what layer of vessels

A

no tunica externa

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40
Q

true or false: veins contract tunica interna, media and externa?

A

true but thinner and more easier to damage

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41
Q

true or false: veins can withstand very high pressures

A

false cannot withstand high pressures

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42
Q

pumping of venous blood back to the heart is done through what 3 mechanisms

A

Pumping of the heart
• Contraction of skeletal muscles in lower limbs
• Valves found in the veins

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43
Q

what does each valve have and what does that allow

A

2 or more folds of tunica interna forming cusps projecting towards the heart

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44
Q

leaky venous valves cause what

A

varicose veins

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45
Q

at rest, where is most blood stored

A

veins

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46
Q

systemic circulation includes what 4 things

A
  • cerebral circulation
  • portal system
  • all arteries branching from the aorta (Including coronary circulation)
  • all veins draining into the IVC, SVC, coronary sinus
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47
Q

what drains the heart

A

coronary sinus

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48
Q

IVC drains what

A

legs, torso and below heart

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49
Q

SVC drains what

A

head, neck UP and above ear

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50
Q

what are the arteries of the head and neck

A

brachiocephalic (only right)
subclavian
common carotid

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51
Q

brachiocephalic is only found on the right or left side

A

right side

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52
Q

what are the 3 branches off the arch of aorta?

A

1) brachiocephalic ( only right)
2) common carotid
3) subclavian

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53
Q

what branches of the subclavian

A

vertebral artery
internal mammary (ant intercostals)

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54
Q

how many anterior intercostals do we have

A

9

55
Q

what 5 branches off the external carotid

A 
sup thyroid
lingual
facial 
occipital
posterior auricular
56
Q

put these in order from inferior to superior

lingual, facial,, sup. thyroid, occipital, posterior auricular

A 
sup thyroid
lingual 
facial 
occipital 
posterior auricular
57
Q

what does external carotid split into

A

maxillary

superficial temporal

58
Q

what does maxillary supply

A

deep skull, orbit, teeth, muscles of mastication, dura mater

59
Q

what does maxillary artery further subdivide into

A

middle meningeal

infraorbital

60
Q

infraorbital passes through where

A

infraorbital foramen

61
Q

meddle meningeal is immediately deep to what

A

temporal bone

62
Q

what foramen does middle meningeal pass thru

A

foramen spinosum

63
Q

what does superficial temporal branch (4)

A

frontal
parietal
transverse facial
zygomatic orbital

64
Q

thoracic aorta branches out into what

A

posterior intercostal

65
Q

how many posterior intercostal arteries are there

A

total of 9 pairs

66
Q

when does thoracic aorta become abdominal aorta

A

at the diaphragm

67
Q

what are the 3 branches of the celiac trunk

A

Left Gastric
• Splenic
• Common Hepatic

68
Q

what does superior mesenteric artery supply

A

supplies most of the intestines, head of the pancreas (R.)

69
Q

what are the branches off the abdominal aorta

A 
inferior phrenic
celiac trunk
superior mesenteric
suprarenal/adrenal
renal
testicular/ovarian
inferior mesenteric
70
Q

celiac trunk supplies

A

GI tract, spleen

71
Q

inferior phrenic supplies what

A

diaphragm

72
Q

suprarenal supples

A

adrenal glands

73
Q

renal supplies the…

A

kidneys

74
Q

superior mesentery supplies

A

GI tract (small and large int and pancreas)

75
Q

testicular/ovarian supply

A

the gonads

76
Q

interior mesenteric supplies what

A

GI tract

77
Q

what does abdominal aorta divide into (2)

A

common iliac aorta

78
Q

what does common iliac divides into

A

internal and external iliac aorta

79
Q

what does external iliac supply

A

lower extremities

80
Q

what does internal iliac supple

A

supplies pelvis and perineum

81
Q

gastroduondenal supplies

A

stomach, duodenum, pancreas, greater omentum

82
Q

gastric artery supplies

A

stomach and esophagus

83
Q

common hepatic supply what

A

liver, gallbladder and stomach

84
Q

what does gastroepiploic supply

A

stomach and great omentum

85
Q

what artery branches off the splenic

A

left gastroepliploic

86
Q

what arteries branch off common hepatic

A

R gastric
gastroduodenal
right and left hepatic
cystic

87
Q

what does gastroduodenal branch into

A

superior pancreaticoduodenal

right gastroepiploic

88
Q

be able to identity all the branches and diagrams

A

.

89
Q

what does superior mesenteric split into

A

interior pancreaticoduodenal
middle colic
right colic
ileocolic
intestinal

90
Q

what does ileocolic branch into

A

illeal and colic branches

91
Q

what does intestinal branch into

A

jejunal artery and ileal artery

92
Q

what does inferior mesenteric divide into

A

left colic (sup and inf)
sigmoid a
superior rectal

93
Q

what vein drains head, neck and upper limb

A

SVC

94
Q

how does SVC drain intercostal and lumbar regions

A

by a collection of veins called azygos system

95
Q

true or false: there are no major veins draining the GI tract, gall bladder and pancreas

A

true

96
Q

GI. tract, gall bladder and pancreas use what to carry blood to the lier

A

portal system

97
Q

liver is drained by what veins

A

hepatic veins

98
Q

hepatic veins drain into…

A

IVC

99
Q

testicular/ovarian veins are located on what side of the body only

A

right side only

100
Q

azygos system is inside where

A

thoracic cage

101
Q

azygos system drains what

A

drains thorax region
drains deep lumbar region
connects to IVC

102
Q

what provides a detour from the IVC to SVC

A

azygos system

103
Q

what are the 2 branches off the azygos vein

A

hemiazygos

2) accessory hemiazygos

104
Q

what does portal system do (2)

A

1) Detours blood from the GI organs and spleen through the liver
before going into the IVC

2) Carries blood from one capillary network to another without
going through the heart

105
Q

true or false: portal system is rich in substances after a meal

A

true

106
Q

pulmonary circulation carries blood from where to where

A

from right ventricle to air sacs within the lungs (alveoli)

107
Q

where is the blood the most deoxygenated

A

leaving the right ventricle (pulm trunk)

108
Q

pulmonary arteries carry what type of blood

A

deoxygnated

109
Q

pulmonary veins carry what type of blood

A

oxygenated

110
Q

where are the only two places in the body where the arteries carry deoxy and veins carry oxy

A

pulm arteries and veins

111
Q

pulmonary trunk splints into what

A

R/L pulm arteries (only arteries to carry deoxy blood)

112
Q

CO2 passes into where

A

alveoli

113
Q

inhaled O2 moves from air to ..

A

blood

114
Q

pulmonary veins transport oxygenated blood to where

A

L atrium

115
Q

arteries of pulmonary circulation are less or more elastic

A

less (have thinner walls)

116
Q

peak systolic pressure in the R ventricle is higher or lower than the pressure in L

A

lower

117
Q

what organs do not function until after birth

A

lung
kidneys
GI tract

118
Q

how does the fetus obtains o2 and nutrients

A

by diffusion from maternal blood and eliminates co2 the same way

119
Q

what organ allows the fetus to receive o2 and nutrients

A

placenta

120
Q

what is the function of foramen ovale

A

blood can pass through diff sides of heart

121
Q

what is the function of ductus arteriosus

A

connect pulm artery to aorta

122
Q

foramen ovale becomes …

A

fossa ovalis

123
Q

ductus arteriosus becomes

A

ligamentum arteriosum

124
Q

after birth the umbilical cord becomes what

A

Umbilical cord becomes a fibrous cord called the medial

umbilical ligament

125
Q

after birth, umbilical vein becomes what

A

ligmenteum teres

126
Q

after birth, ductus venosum becomes what

A

lig. venosum

127
Q

Which of the following is NOT a site of
hemopoiesis in the adult body?
A. Sternum
B. Spleen
C. Vertebrae
D. Head of Humerus
E. Parietal bones

A

spleen

128
Q

The predominant type of blood plasma protein

is:

A

albumins

129
Q

The structure of erythrocytes makes them

highly specialized for what

A

oxygen tranports

130
Q

function of platelets

A

clotting

131
Q

the apex of the heart is found where

A

inferior left point

132
Q

the layer of the heart wall that is composed of cardiac muscle is the

A

myocardium

133
Q

which vessel carries the most highly oxygenated blood

A

pulm veins

134
Q

blood in the SVC passes into the…

A

right atrium

254 - anatomy (17 decks)

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