Lecture 21 Flashcards
(28 cards)
What are the two separate systems in the genitourinary tract?
Reproductive and waste removal.
What is the function of the kidneys in the genitourinary system?
Remove metabolic waste from blood.
What is the role of the ureters?
Tubes that connect kidneys to bladder.
What does the bladder do?
Stores urine and empties into the urethra.
What is the terminal organ of the reproductive tract in males?
Urethra.
What is a key defense mechanism of the urinary tract?
Flushing action of urine removal.
What does urine contain that aids in defense?
Lysozyme and lactoferrin.
What type of bacteria is commonly found in the normal urinary tract microbiota?
Nonhemolytic Streptococcus, Staphylococcus, Corynebacterium, Lactobacillus, Prevotella, Veillonella, Gardnerella.
What is the common microbiota in the female genital tract during childbearing years?
Lactobacillus predominates; also Prevotella, Sneathia, Streptococcus, and Candida albicans.
What is a urinary tract infection (UTI)?
Invasion of the urinary tract by microorganisms.
What are the symptoms of a urinary tract infection?
- Pain
- Wanting to urinate
- Pain while urinating
- Cloudy urine
- Back pain can indicate kidneys involved.
What is the most common cause of urinary tract infections?
E. coli.
What are the common modes of transmission for UTIs?
Opportunism: transfer from GI tract (community-acquired) or environment.
What is the treatment for urinary tract infections based on?
Susceptibility testing.
What are the virulence factors associated with E. coli that cause UTIs?
Adhesins and motility.
What is gonorrhea?
A disease characterized by painful urination and yellow discharge.
What is the causative organism of gonorrhea?
Neisseria gonorrhoeae.
What percentage of infected males and females are asymptomatic for gonorrhea?
10% of infected males and 50% of females.
What is the most common reportable disease in the United States?
Genital Chlamydia.
What are the symptoms of genital Chlamydia?
Inflammation of the urethra; symptoms mimic gonorrhea.
What is a distinctive feature of Chlamydia compared to gonorrhea?
More commonly asymptomatic than gonorrhea.
What should be assumed when treating for Chlamydia?
Coinfection with gonorrhea and C. trachomatis.
What is a key prevention method for both gonorrhea and Chlamydia?
Avoid contact; condom use.
What are the effects on a fetus from gonorrhea and Chlamydia?
- Gonorrhea: Eye infections, blindness
- Chlamydia: Eye infections, pneumonia.
