Lecture 2.2: Structure of Bacteria Flashcards
(34 cards)
bacteria have a ___ protein synthesis rate
high
bacteria have a lot of ribosomes (T/F)
true
what 2 protein complexes are found in bacteria?
30s and 50s
where does protein synthesis start?
in the 30s
what is the overall size of 30s and 50s?
70s
a bacterial capsule is made of
dense, well-defined polysaccharide/protein layer closely surrounding cell
what are the 4 functions of the capsule?
- protection
- bind water, keep cell from drying out
- promote adherence and biofilm
- prevent phagocytosis
a capsule promotes what 2 things?
adherence to eukaryotes (colonization) and cell-cell contact to make biofilm
what is a biofilm?
sticky mat of growth (group of bacteria)
encapsulated bacteria resist__
phagocytosis
making the capsule requires __
energy and sugars
what are bacterial endospores?
differentiated cells that are highly resistant to heat, chemicals, radiation
how are endospores dispersed?
wind, animals, water
what is sporulation?
a complex process with multiple steps and signals resulting in a dormant yet viable biological body
what is the role dipiclolinic acid?
binds Ca2+ , promating dryness in the core and makes endospores recognizable
what chemical can be used to recognize endospores?
dip acid
endospores contain the blueprint for ___
germination
do bacterial flagella whip?
no, they rotate
in what environment do flagella use swimming motility?
aqueous
in what environment do flagella use swarming motility?
moist surfaces
what part of the flagella is recognized by the innate immune system?
the protein “flagellin”
what does flagellin trigger in the innate immune system?
inflammatory response
what re peritrichous flagella?
on all sides of the bacteria rather than the ends
CCW rotation of flagella is responsible for what type of movement?
runs
