Lecture 3

Question 1

Ethics

Answer 1

The application of moral principles concerning what an individual considers right and wrong to help guide one’s decisions and behavior

Question 2

Utilitarian Perspectives

Answer 2

Your decision should do the greatest good for the greatest number of people

Question 3

Altruistic Perspective

Answer 3

helping others without personal benefit

Question 4

Egoism

Answer 4

individuals should act in accordance with their own self-interests

Question 5

Principle #1 (Beneficence)

Answer 5

Acting with the purpose of benefiting others

Question 6

Principle #1 (Beneficence): Cost-benefits Analysis

Answer 6

ensure that the study’s potential outcomes exceed potential negative experiences or risks to participants

Question 7

Principle #1 (Beneficence): Loss of Confidentiality

Answer 7

the responses or behaviors of individual participants must not become public knowledge or the focus of public scrutiny

Question 8

Principle #1 (Beneficence): Anonymity

Answer 8

Participants’ responses cannot link back to their identity. There is no storage of personal info

Question 9

Principle #1 (Beneficence): Types of Harm

Answer 9

1. Physical
2. Psychological
3. Cost of not doing the Research

Question 10

Principle #2: Justice

Answer 10

• Fairness when deciding who to use as study participants
• Avoid selection based on vulnerability (ex. children in an orphanage)

Question 11

Principle #3: Respect for Persons (anonymity)

Answer 11

Autonomy= is the idea that people can make deliberate, informed decisions

Question 12

Informed Consent

Answer 12

Participants know what the study expects of them, the risks and benefits of participating. Then make the choice about participating

Question 13

HARKing

Answer 13

Creating the hypothesis after the research in complete - hypothesis fits the results

Question 14

P-hacking

Answer 14

Taking out values which do not match the rest or the hypothesis