Lecture 7

Question 1

Operational Definitions: Self-Concept Clarity

Answer 1

A scale that assesses how confidently and clearly participants define the self

Question 2

Selecting a Design (Limitations): Qualitative Research

Answer 2

Not useful for identifying relationships between variables

Question 3

Selecting a Design (Limitations): Observational Research

Answer 3

Limited to variables that are easily visible

Question 4

What are the Alternatives when Observational and Qualitative have too many limitations (2 others)?

Answer 4

1. Survey
2. Correlational study

Question 5

What is the Survey Technique?

Answer 5

A quantitative research strategy for systematically collecting info from a group of individuals.
Results are generalized to a larger group of interest

Question 6

What is a Correlational Study

Answer 6

A research approach that focuses on how variables relate to one another

Question 7

What is an Acquiescent Response Set

Answer 7

A response bias where a participant tends to agree with most, if not at all, of the items on a scale, regardless of what each is stating or asking

Question 8

What is the Error of Central Tendency

Answer 8

A response bias, where a participant tends to avoid using the extreme response alternatives on a scale

Question 9

What is a Potential Solution

Answer 9

Clear labeling of several points on a scale

Question 10

What are the Demand Characteristics

Answer 10

Cues that lead participants to guess what the researcher expects

Question 11

What are the two points in Reverse Scoring:

Answer 11

1. Original score
2. Reverse score

Question 12

Reverse scoring: original score

Answer 12

Whatever the original thought/value they get

Question 13

Reverse Scoring: Reverse Score

Answer 13

Whatever the opposite of the original thought/value they get

Question 14

Evaluating a Scale’s Validity: Face Validity

Answer 14

The extant to which a scale appears on the surface to measure the intended variable

Question 15

Evaluating a Scale’s Validity: Content Validity

Answer 15

The degree to which the items on a scale reflect the range of material that should be included in measurement of the target variable

Question 16

Evaluating a Scale’s Validity: Construct Validity

Answer 16

The extant to which the scale measures the desired construct
Established by evaluating the convergent and discriminant validity of the measurement

Question 17

Construct Validity (2 components)

Answer 17

1. Convergent Validity
2. Discriminant Validity

Question 18

Construct Validity: Convergent Validity

Answer 18

the degree to which scores on a measurement corresponds to a measure of other theoretically related variables

Question 19

Construct Validity: Discriminant Validity

Answer 19

The extant to which a measurement does not correspond to measures of unrelated variables

Question 20

Evaluating a Scale’s Validity: Criterion Validity

Answer 20

The extant to which a measurement corresponds to an existing outcome or behaviour

Question 21

Criterion Validity (2 Components):

Answer 21

1. Concurrent Validity
2. Predictive Validity

Question 22

Criterion Validity: Concurrent Validity

Answer 22

The extant to which a measurement corresponds to an existing outcome or behavior

Question 23

Criterion Validity: Predictive Validity

Answer 23

The extant to which a measurement corresponds to a particular outcome or behavior that occurs in the future

Question 24

What is the first step in Statistical Analysis

Answer 24

1. Create each participant’s overall score on the Self-concept clarity scale

Question 25

What is the second step in Statistical Analysis

Answer 25

2. Evaluate the internal consistency of both scales

Question 26

What is the third step in Statistical Analysis

Answer 26

3. Summarize the measurements for each scale

Question 27

What is the fourth step in Statistical Analysis

Answer 27

4. Test the hypothesis