Group = Team
• two or more people • aware of belonging in • interact with each other • are interdependent • work together to achieve a common goal
Aggregate
unrelated people
in a temporary close proximity
• Can aggregates form groups
or teams?
A Team is…
• “An energetic group of people committed to achieving common
objectives and producing high-quality results.” (Francis & Young, 1970, p. 8)
• “A group of individuals working together in which individual success is
based on group success.” (Lanza, 1985, p. 47)
• “A small group of individuals who share responsibility for outcomes for
their organizations.” (Sundstrom et al., 1990, p. 120)
• “A group in which individuals share a common aim.” (A
Why do organizations use teams?
• Can achieve more than a single person
• Cross-functional and multi-industry collaboration (specific skills,
knowledge and expertise)
• Stimulate and energize employees
• Stronger relationships between employees
• Enhance creative solutions
• Concurrent work reduces time
Hawthorne studies
we behave differently
when being observed
A taxonomy of teams
Tasks in teams
• Additive tasks – the final product is the sum of team member‘s
individual work
• Conjunctive tasks – the performance of one member depends on
another‘s (the least capable member determines the performance)
• Disjunctive tasks - the performance of one member depends on
another‘s (the most capable member determines the performance)
Five stage model
Input-Process-Output (IPO) model
Formal leadership
- Authoritative (focus on efficiency)
- Democratic (practices social equality)
- Laissez-faire (allows self direction)
- Transactional (focus on a task)
- Transformational (focus on people)
- Charismatic
Informal leadership
- Shared leadership
* Emerging leadership
Informal leadership
- Shared leadership
* Emerging leadership
