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ANBI 411 > Lecture 30 > Flashcards

Lecture 30 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the exceptions to when felines are not solitary and territorial?

2 pts

A
  • Mating
  • Kitten rearing
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2
Q

Which felines are the only ones with social behaviour?

3 pts

A
  • Cheetahs
  • Lions
  • Wild cats -> domestic cats
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3
Q

What is social behaviour in cheetahs like?

6 pts

A
  • Litters remain together until they become 6 month old when females disperse
  • Males mostly remain with siblings for the rest of their lives
  • Better defense of territory: better monopolization of females
  • Increased survival
    - Decrease predation by lions
    - Larger prey size: team work
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4
Q

What is the social behaviour for female kinships in lions like?

4 pts

A
  • All females breed, unlike other felines
  • Cubs are kept hidden for 6 weeks before introducing them to the pride
  • Highly cooperative: mothers take care of their cubs together
  • Control of another’s reproductive success through aggression would most likely disadvantage both parties
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5
Q

What is the social behaviour for male groups in lions like?

5 pts

A
  • Male siblings remain in groups and compete for females with other groups
  • Offspring of previous groups are killed when former males are displaced
  • Groups of males may associated with one or more groups of females
  • Males displace females and younger animals when feeding (males eat first)
  • Advantages: defense of territories with reliable and abundant supplies of prey
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6
Q

How does the social behaviour of lions differ from other felines?

1 pt

A

Lions are the most socially complex felines known: females and males live in group. Everyone breeds, reducing competition

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7
Q

What is the wild cat and what is the subspecies that is closest to the domestic cat?

2 pts

A

Wild cat - Felis silvestric
* mitochondrial DNA of F.s. catus (domestic cat) is almost identical to F.s. Lybica (Arabia or North Africa)

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8
Q

What is the history of domestication for the cat?

8 pts

A
  • Wildcats and domestic cats split about 10,000 years ago
  • Socialization might have started with the creation of man-made grain stores
    - Expansion of house mouse
  • Introducation of cats into urban areas to control mice populations
    - Reproductive isolation of cats associated with human settlements
  • Concentration of prey large enough to support more than a female and their offspring
    - Intraspecific sociality became adaptive to secure good quality territories with a consistent food supply
    - Social mechanisms developed for intraspecific communication allowed interspecific communication with humans
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9
Q

What does colony formation depend on for feral cats?

4 pts

A
  • Population density
  • Distribution of suitable territories
  • Availability of suitable mates
  • The cost-benefit relationship of assisting kin
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10
Q

What are colonies like for feral female cats and their female offspring?

8 pts

A
  • Allonursing and prey sharing
  • All adults are both breeders and helpers
  • Mothers can recognize their offspring but won’t discriminate when it comes to care
  • No aggression unless resources become limited
  • Feeding priority is given to juveniles under 1 years old
  • Dominance between females
  • If dominant female dies, group gets unstables and divided, becomes stable in 1-2 wks when new female becomes dominant
  • Culling and abandonment can disrupt female groups: aggression and abnormal behaviour
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11
Q

What is group living like for feral male cats?

4 pts

A

Males older than one year old disperse: association with a single or several female groups or become nomadic
* Females quite promiscuous
* Fight for mates
* Strong territoriality

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12
Q

What are the benefits for feral cats who are in group living?

7 pts

A
  • Reduce competition with other females
  • Protection from males
  • Protection from predators
  • Defense of good territories (food and shelter)
  • Better use of resources
  • Shared information
  • Protection
  • Protection against infanticide
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13
Q

What is a disadvantage to feral cats living in groups?

1 pt

A

transmission of viruses

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14
Q

What is feline calcivirus and felive immunodeficiency virus (FIV)?

7 pts

A

Feline calcivirus: mild to severe respriatory infection and oral disease in cats
Feline Immunodeficiency Virus (FIV): related to human immunodeficiency virus
* enlarged lymph nodes
* Anemia
* Weight loss
* Poor appetite
* Abnormal appearance or inflammation of the eye (conjunctivitis)

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15
Q

What is one of the key requirements for socialization?

1 pt

A

Communication

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16
Q

What are the basics to communication?

3 pts

A
  • Mating
  • Mother-kitten relationships
  • Play behaviour
17
Q

What is mating behaviour?

6 pts

A

Highly stereotyped and conspicuous sequence of events
* Calling to attract males
* Rolling around on belly and back
* Holding her tail to the side to expose genitalia
* Excessive affection
* Excessive rubbing against inanimate objects: scent and pheromones

18
Q

What is the mother-kitten relationship?

8 pts

A
  • Prenatal phase: kitten’s preference for food that the mother ate during pregnancy
  • 0-2wks: Early stage of development: dependent on mother. Touch, taste and smell: preference for specific nipple
  • 3-8/9 wks: mobility and some independence. Critical period of socialization
    - Mothers clean their kittens
    - Call their mother
    - Display the Tail Up signal when they see their mother
    - Head rubbing
  • 12-13 wks: reduced aggression; 14-15 wks is even better = better welfare
19
Q

What is play behaviour in cats?

4 pts

A
  • Primarily a juvenile activity
  • Social play increases from week 4 to week 12 after birth, and then it decreases
  • In the absence of littermates a kitten will try to play with its mother
  • Isolated kittens might not learn how to play, hindering their social communication skills
20
Q

What are the different communication signals that cats use?

7 pts

A
  • Except for agonistic or mother-kitten relationship, colonies are remarkably silent
  • Cats territoriality and can be lethal
  • Agonistic and affiliative signals developed to avoid fights
  • Scent marking
    • Scent and pheromone producing organs
    • Highly sensitive nose
    • Vomeronasal organ receptor: located at the rood of the mouth and connects both the nasal and oral cavities
21
Q

What is agonistic behaviour?

6 pts

A
  • Fight is the last resource
  • Agonistic behaviour
    - Staring, horizontal tail, lashing of the tail, assuming threatening postures to maximize body appearance, ritualized vocal duels, baring of canines, striking a paw, biting, non-sexual mount, chasing
  • Submissive signals:
    - Not as variate due to solitary living
    - Avoidance, elevation, crouching, retreat, rolling
22
Q

What is affiliative behaviour in cats?

7 pts

A
  • It is sexually dimorphic: nature of cats social groups
  • Between adult females
    - Males keep apart and roam by themselves from group to group
  • It likely originates from mother-kitten behaviour: ancestral state
    - Allogrooming Hygiene
    - Tail up and head rubbing: greeting or food solicitation
  • Colonies formation promoted the evolution of ritualized signals for affiliation among adults
23
Q

What are affiliative behaviour signals in cats?

6 pts

A
  • Tail Up posture: usually initiated by the younger, smaller cat, or females
    - Precedes other affiliative signals
  • Allorub: exchange of odour
  • Allogroom
  • Social sniff
    - There are at least 40 different chemical substances in facial secretion and only 13 are common among all cats
24
Q

What is the relationship like between humans and cats?

3 pts

A
  • evidence from 2000 - 4000 years ago
  • Communication with humans includes visual, tactile, and auditory signals
  • Cats show preferences for familiar persons, (more time spent with them) but they are able to generalize their interactions with others as well -> genuine attachment bond with specific humans
25
Q

What are the visual signals that cats use?

9 pts

A
  • Tail Up posture
  • No eye contact
  • Position of the external ears
  • Subtle tail movements
  • Other learned behaviours:
    - Jumping up, swiping with paw, etc
  • Ears to the front and erected = confidence
  • Ears to the back = intention to withdraw
  • Ears flat = expect to engage in fighting: defensive posture
26
Q

What are the tactics of companion cats?

3 pts

A
  • Rubbing
  • Licking
  • Kneading
27
Q

What are the auditory signals that cats use?

3 pts

A
  • Meowing: used to attract human attention, and with varied repertoire depending on the situation. Very rare in colonies
  • Cats train humans with different frequencies
  • Purring: calming and to maintain contact. Also used to reduce pain
28
Q

What are the types of affiliative signals that cats use towards humans?

10 pts

A

Adult-adult typical signals
* Adapted to humans but with the same meaning
- Tail Up, allorub, allogroom, purring: they see humans as dominant
Kitten to mother-typical signals
* Retained signals to communicate with humans
- Kneading, meowing: retained to communicate with humans
Species-typical actions
* Actions that change their meaning in human-cat context
- Jumping: affiliative in human context

Cats possess the flexibility to adapt their communication to humans, but not as much as other species like dogs

29
Q

What is social behaviour like for neutered indoor cats?

7 pts

A
  • No gender differences
  • Less allorubbing - stable environment
  • High incidence of social sniff
  • As time living together increases
    - Less amicable approaches
    - Decrease in the amount of aggression - dominance established
  • Decrease in range size when outdoor
30
Q

What are some implications for cat aggression for indoor cohabitating cats?

7 pts

A
  • Usually unidirectional
  • Reduced if they are related or grew together
  • Active displacement and blocking of access to resources
  • preferred routes
  • Loser performs behaviour patterns that indicate stress, such as bouts of grooming and scratching, exaggerated swallowing, and shaking of the head
  • Direct relationship between the amount of space available per cat in a group and the display of stress behaviour
  • More space per cat increases play behaviour and positive social behaviour such as allo-grooming

ANBI 411 (24 decks)

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