Flashcards in Lecture 31 - Feeding and Weight Control Deck (58)
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1
Peripheral signals involved in weight control
1)
2)
3)
1) CCK
2) Leptin
3) Ghrelin
2
Hypothalamic chemicals involved in weight control
1)
2)
3)
1) Neuropeptide Y
2) POMC
3) Agouti-related peptide
3
Adiposity signals
Leptin
Insulin
Act long-term
4
Peptides that increase food intake
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
6)
1) Neuropeptide Y
2) Melanin concentrating hormone
3) Agouti-related peptide
4) Orexin A and B
5) Endocannabinoids
6) Ghrelin
5
Peptides that increase food intake that act in the brain
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
1) Neuropeptide Y
2) Melanin concentrating hormone
3) Agouti-related hormone
4) Orexin A and B
5) Endocannabinoids
6
Peptides that increase food intake that act in the periphery
Ghrelin
7
Peptides that decrease food intake
1)
2)
3)
4)
1) a-melanocyte stimulating hormone
2) CART
3) Leptin
4) Cholecystokinin
8
Peptides that increase food intake that act on the brain
Alpha-melanocyte stimulating hormone
9
Peptides that increase food intake that act in the periphery
CART
Leptin
Cholecystokinin
10
Where is CCK produced, and in response to what?
Produced by gut
Released in response to digestion of certain nutrients, particularly fat
11
What does CCK act on?
Binds to CCKa receptor on vagus nerve.
This transmits information to nucleus tractus solitarius in medulla.
This transmits to hypothalamus to terminate a meal.
12
How does CCK stimulation of vagus nerve affect the brain?
Ascending signal passes through nucleus tractus solitarius to hypothalamus.
Acts on hypothalamus to terminate a meal.
13
Where is ghrelin secreted?
By stomach
14
When do ghrelin levels rise?
Pre-prandially
15
What are ghrelin plasma levels inversely-proportional to?
BMI
16
Effect of increased ghrelin on appetite
Increases appetite
17
Ghrelin receptor name and locaiton
GHSR-1a, located in hypothalamus
18
Effect of increasing CCK level in rats
More frequent, smaller meals. Not much effect on weight.
19
Does ghrelin quickly or slowly modulate hunger?
Quickly
20
What secretes leptin?
Adipocytes
21
What are plasma leptin levels inversely proportional to?
BMI, adiposity
22
Effect of increased leptin on hunger
Decreases hunger
23
How does leptin enter the brain?
Via transporter across the blood brain barrier
24
Parts of hypothalamus that are involved in hunger
Arcurate nucleus
Paraventricular nucleus
25
Arcurate nucleus role in hunger
Contains cell bodies of neurons that project to paraventricular nucleus
26
Hunger-related neurons in arcurate nucleus
1)
2)
1) POMC/CART neurons. When stimulated, reduce food intake
2) Neuropeptide Y/Agouti-related peptide neurons. When stimulated, increase food intake.
27
Neurons that release factors that increase food intake
Neuropeptide Y/Agouti-related peptide neurons in the arcurate nucleus of the hypothalamus
28
Neurons that release factors that decrease food intake
POMC/CART neurons in the arcurate nucleus of the hypothalamus
29
Effect of leptin on the arcurate nucleus
Stimulates POMC/CART neurons, inhibits NPY/AGRP neurons. This results in reduction of food intake.
30
