Lecture 4 Flashcards
(21 cards)
Context as occasion setting
Environmental conditions/ cues that establish the context in which behaviour is more likely to occur
Antecedent stimuli are…
Environmental cues, signals of conditions present before a behaviour occurs. These stimuli set the occassion for the behaviour to occur but doesn’t necessarily influence the likelihood of the behaviour being reinforced or punished
Behaviour is said to be under stimulus control when…
There’s an increased probability of a behaviour occurring in the presence of a specific antecedent stimuli
Discriminative stimulus
SD - the antecedent stimulus that is present when the behaviour is reinforced
Signals the availability of the reinforcer.
Stimulus delta
Signals the opposite to SD. stimulus that is present when a behaviour is not being reinforced. Signals the lack of a reinforcer.
Application of Sc
Insomnia treatment. Establishing a strong association between the bed and sleep following specific guild lines and behaviours. This includes going to bed only when tired, getting out of bed when unable to sleep and avoiding stimulating activities in bed. - increasing the probability of the behaviour occurring in the presence of a specific antecedent stimulus
Discrimination training
Involves 1 behaviour and 2 antecedent conditions
- discrimination stimulus
-stimulus delta
During discrimination training….
Responses that occur in the presence of the SD are reinforced
Responses that occur in the presence of stimulus delta and not reinforced
Who made sig contributions to the understanding of discrimination training
Kenneth Spence
What did Kenneth spence say
Made sig contributions to the understanding of discrim learning by Emphasising the importance of reinforcement and inhibition in shaping behaviours
Excitatory strength is increased when a response to a specific stimulus is reinforced
Inhibitory strength is increase when a response to a specific stimulus is not reinforced
Discrimination training example
Coins
Training kids to understand the value of a coin
Experiment says point to the $0.05. If correct; reinforce
When stimulus control is in effect…
The person responds to the SD promptly every times it’s given
SD absent = don’t get the behaviour
Some other SD = don’t get the behaviour
Don’t see a diff behaviour under same SD
Prompts definition
Supplementary stimuli given before or during the performance of a behaviour to increase the likelihood of someone engaging in correct behaviour at the right time. Offers a means to transfer SC; may also serve as a reminder
Types of prompts
Response prompts
Stimulus prompts
Response prompts definition and examples
Help behaviour directly
Supplement to the SD, target is to induce behaviour we are interested in.
Verbal
Modelling
Physical
Stimulus prompts definition and examples
Directly to the stimulus rather than the response.
Involves a change in the SD and Sdelta to increase the salience of SD and decrease the salience of Sdelta.
Eg positional prompts, redundancy prompts, movement prompts
One way to transfer stimulus control from prompts to SD…
Prompt fading
Prompt fading techniques
Most to least prompting - start by instructing with alll the behaviour , gradual decrease
Least to most prompting - let them figure out independently, then give small amounts of help if needed
Time delay - increasing the delay between the SD and the prompt between instances
How to choose prompt and fading techniques
Each learner has a unique repertoire of skills and deficits
The learners instructional history - learners perform better when using prompt topograph and prompt fading techniques that they’ve used before.
Choose a prompt that facilities fading - guide attention to the natural SD
the less intrusive procedure possible
