Lecture 9 Flashcards
(27 cards)
Origins of behaviour therapy
Freud - believed that behaviour is controlled by the internal unconscious- to improve wellbeing must bring the unconscious to consciousness
Problems with psychoanalysis
People questioned its effectiveness
Eysencks criticism - challenge its long duration, lack of empirical evidence, unfalsifiability, focus on unconscious processes
At the same time, saw development of associative learning principles in clinical setting:
Classical conditioning - Pavlov, Watson
Operant conditioning - skinner
Classical conditioning used to treat…
Neurosis - involves distress but no loss of contact w reality
Eg depression anxiety
Operant conditioning used to treat…
Psychosis - loss of contact w reality
Eg SZ
3 waves of behaviour therapy
Behaviour therapy
Cognitive therapy
Contextual therapy
First wave of behaviour therapy
2 traditions
Classic behaviour therapy (CC)
ABA (OC)
Two characteristics of first wave behaviour therapy
Focus on environment
Focus on efficacy assessment
Two techniques In first wave behaviour therapy
Systematic desensitisation
Prolonged exposure with response prevention
Systematic desensitisation
Gradual exposure to fear inducing stimuli while training them in relaxation techniques
Steps
Hierarchy of fear inducing stimuli by ranking from least to most fear provoking
Decide what to do w the stim (gradual exposure)
Implement relaxation techniques until feel calm
Prolonged exposure with response prevention
Exposure of the fear inducing stimuli (gradual and controlled manner) for a long period of time without engaging in the compulsive rituals intended to reduce anxiety
Allows the indiv to confront their fears while preventing the usual compulsive responses
Rapid over gradual
The second wave of behaviour therapy
Cognitive therapy
Pineered by Beck (CT) and Ellis (rational emotive behaviour therapy)
Addresses the role of language and cognition in behaviour
Cognitive therapy concept
Activating event - triggers belief (controls behaviour) - consequence
Cognitive restructuring
Identify and Challenge these maladaptive thought patterns
Disturb negative irrational thoughts and replace them with adaptive thoughts
Cognitive behaviour therapy
Combination of cognitive therapy and behaviour therapy to threat psychological disorders
Evidence based, emphasis on empiricism
Core components of CBT
cog restructuring
Behavioural activation - encouraging adaptive behaviours and reducing avoidance
Exposure therapy
Problem solving - developing effective coping strategies and problem solving skills
CBT pros and cons
Pros
One of the most empirically supported treatments in psych
Effectiveness is well supported
Cons
Don’t know origin of success
Doesn’t work for all disorders
Distortion of contextual nature or behaviour therapy favours intrapsyhcic approach
Adopting a medical model = overreliance of medicine. Therapy effectiveness not just about reducing symptoms
Problems with second wave addressed by third wave hehaviour therapy
1.diagnostic system as DSM
- doesn’t take into account spectrum, culture differences etc
Third wave therapy - uses trans diagnostic common dimensions instead
E.G hyper reflexivity - excessive focus on one’s thoughts and feelings
- Enigmas of diverse effective treatments (specific techniques) instead third wave use general principles:
Trusting relationships
Healing environment
Myths and rituals (metaphors to explain diff topics) - Intrapsychic approach
Instead third wave recovers contextual perspective and function of negative behaviours and cognitions (interactive explanation)
ACT
Focuses on acceptance and mindfulness
Focusing and accepting your thoughts; modifying behaviours towards values that are most important to you
Increasing psychological flexibility
Psych flexibility definition
Ability to contact the present moment more fully as a conscious human being and to change or persist in behaviour when it serves values ends
Theoretical background of ACT
Philosophy- functional contextualism
Science - contextual behavioural science
Theory - RFM
RFM definition
Language and cognition are based on the ability to relate stimuli in a meaningful way. Not only can we understand individual stimuli (SR associations) but also relationships between stimuli
Key concept -derived relational responding
The Hexaflex / psych flexibility model
Integrates 6 core processes which guide therapeutic efforts towards enhancing individual adaptability and value driven living
Acceptance
Being present
Commitment
Cognitive defusion
Values
Self as context
Emphasising values in ACT outcomes
Understanding values consistent behaviour (actions and values align)
Creating and committing to ur personal values = better behaviour variability
Aim - reduce symptoms but increase individuals repertoire of effective behaviours
Follow up assessment important
Adjusting therapy goals
