Lecture 4

Question 1

Stressor

Answer 1

Stimulus causing the stress reaction

Question 2

Stress

Answer 2

Physiological state of the body triggered by stressor

Question 3

Stress hormones

Answer 3

Epinephrine, cortisol and NE

Question 4

Stress reactions

Answer 4

BP increase 
HR increase
Muscle tension 
Alertness 
Blood glucose and fatty acids is increasing

Question 5

Positive Stress

Answer 5

Thinking Faster
Problem solving
creativity
increased attention 
Evolutionary purposes e.g. immunity to stress

Question 6

HPA axis

Answer 6

You know it from physiology

Question 7

Telomere shortening

Answer 7

shortens in correlation to chronic stress

Question 8

Epigenetics

Answer 8

Changes expressivity based on available chromatin and not the DNA sequence

Question 9

Holmes and Rahe life event scale

Answer 9

Important life events and score on a scale e.g. Death of spouse 100 while changing diet is 15

Question 10

Main stressors in working population

Answer 10

Work 75% and finances 68% coworkers 48%

Question 11

Burnout

Answer 11

Reaction to prolonged or chronic job stress leading to: emotional exhaustion, depersonalisation, and reduced performance

Question 12

Stress behavioural risk factors

Answer 12

Diet, tobacco, alcohol, and physical inactivity

Question 13

Stress, non modifiable risk factors

Answer 13

sex age and genes

Question 14

End points of stress

Answer 14

Coronary heart disease, stroke, several cancer, and COPD

Question 15

Socio-economic, cultural, and environmental conditions of stress:

Answer 15

Modernisation, mechanisation, urbanisation, and globalisation

Question 16

Intermediate risk of stress

Answer 16

Hypertension, blood fat/lipids, obesity, diabetes, and glucose intolerance

Question 17

Transtheoretical model of the stages of change:

Answer 17

Contemplation –> preparation –> action –> maintenance –> relapse –> contemplation

Question 18

Dean Ornish: complex life style intervention:

Answer 18

Diet, stress management, physical activity, and support

Question 19

Coping:

Answer 19

conscious behaviour to maintain or restore the psychological and physical equilibrium

Question 20

William life skills:

Answer 20

awareness –> action skills (problem solving, saying no) or deflection skills (dealing with negative thoughts and emotions) –> relationship building (listening speaking up empathy and increasing positives)

Question 21

Identification of the stressors

Answer 21

What is the cause? what are my thoughts in relation to the cause? what are my feelings in relation to the cause? what do I do what is my behaviour?
what are the consequences?

Question 22

Evaluation decision taking

Answer 22

is it worth to act, can I change the situation to a positive way`?

Question 23

Cognitive component

Answer 23

Human ability (self stressing)

Question 24

Reframing

Answer 24

identify cognitive distortions and find alternative thoughts

Question 25

Manage negative thoughts

Answer 25

``` thought stop distraction meditation hour of worry reframing ```

Question 26

Assertive communication

Answer 26

Share thoughts, express needs, respect needs of other, and increase positives.

Question 27

multimodular intervention

Answer 27

find stressors, change perception or appraisal Find external factors: relationships lifestyle physical and mental health Internal factors: coping

Question 28

precontemplation

Answer 28

others identify the problem, reactance when pressured, lack of awareness and denial

Question 29

Contemplation

Answer 29

considering behavioural change, alternative solution, and ask for information.

Question 30

Preparation/determination

Answer 30

Change is required, commitment to goals

Question 31

Action

Answer 31

Follow through, ability to describe the plan in details, resist slips, and vulnerable to abandon effort impulsively

Question 32

Maintenance

Answer 32

accomplished change, some slips but resisted or loose grounds, develop lifestyle that precludes relapse

Question 33

Relapse

Answer 33

Return to problematic behaviour can cycle back to precontemplation or contemplation

Question 34

Motivational interviewing

Answer 34

``` express empathy avoid confrontation develop discrepancy roll with resistance support self-efficacy ```