Seminar 11

Question 1

Addiction

Answer 1

compulsive engagement in a rewarding behavior

Question 2

Dependence

Answer 2

withdrawal symptoms if a substance/behavior is removed

Question 3

Tolerance

Answer 3

an increased quantity of the object of addiction is required for the same effect

Question 4

Abuse

Answer 4

means that the addictive behavior leads to significant damage over the course of one year in at least one of the following areas:
employment
-physical health
-conflict with the law 
-social relationships

Question 5

Legal

Answer 5

alcohol, nicotine, caffeine, prescription medications, organic solvents, designer drugs

Question 6

Illegal

Answer 6

opioids

Question 7

Criteria of dependence


Answer 7

At least three of the following over the course of one year:

• tolerance (increased dosage is needed for the same effect)
  - withdrawal symptoms
  - craving (inability to quit)
  - limited life goals (all activity is centered around getting the substance)
  - isolation (giving up goals, habits and relationships to engage more in substance use and/or drug subculture )
  - self-harm

Question 8

Biological reasons

Answer 8

Inherited susceptibility of the brain

Altered functioning of cerebral reward systems

Question 9

Intervention guidelines

Answer 9

In substance users, substance use is not the only problem, just the tip of the iceberg
The true reasons for using are complex

Question 10

Tactical goal:

Answer 10

restoring physical and mental health, mending work and family relationships, ensuring abstinence by professional means

Question 11

Strategic goal

Answer 11

constructively altering the behavior

Question 12

Cannabis

Answer 12

Lifetime prevalence in Europe: 65 million, or 20% European adults
Country variation in last year use: 0.8 % to 11.3 %
This a very frequent substance in our days

Question 13

Cannabis effects

Answer 13

Euphoric, socialiser, laughmaker > Joint smoking
Memory deficits
Decline of social ambitions and other secondary damages to social life
Low addictive potential but risk of criminalisation

Question 14

Stimulants and hallucinogenic drugs

Answer 14

Amphetamines
Ecstasy
LSD

Question 15

Cocaine

Answer 15

euphoric, stimulant, agression increases, sexual effects!
Expensive
High addictive potential, particularly ‘crack’

Question 16

Opioids

Answer 16

Morphine – medical drug

Heroine

Question 17

Opioids II.

Answer 17

Strong physical and psychological dependency > massive withdrawal syndromes

Question 18

Designer drugs

Answer 18

„White powder” – changing and often unknown composition to avoid banning

Question 19

Ethyl alcohol

Answer 19

Third highest mortality rate after cardiovascular disorders and cancer

Question 20

Alcohol addiction

Answer 20

requires long term daily use
>
Withdrawal syndrome
Delirium tremens

Question 21

Alcohol related acquired brain deficiencies


Answer 21

Dealt by neurology and psychiatry
Brain damage
Korsakoff’s syndrome
Wernicke’s encephalopathy
dementia

Question 22

Alcohol induced and alcohol connected mental disorders


Answer 22

Mood disorders
Anxiety disorders
Sleep disorders
Psychotic disorders