Seminar 1

Question 1

What is development?

Answer 1

Growth of humans throughout the lifespan, from conception to death

Question 2

Psychoanalytic theories focus?

Answer 2

Importance of unconscious mind and childhood experiences

Question 3

Sigmund Freud’s contribution to developmental theories?

Answer 3

Psychosexual stages

Question 4

What is libido?

Answer 4

Pleasure seeking drive driven unconsciously

Question 5

What are the psychosexual stages?

Answer 5

Oral, Anal, Phallic, Latency, and Puberty /Genital

Question 6

Oral Phase

Answer 6

Stimulation of mucus membrane of the mouth

Question 7

Anal

Answer 7

Pleasure gained from excretion of faeces

Question 8

Phallic

Answer 8

Erotic pleasure from genitals

Question 9

Latency

Answer 9

5 years to puberty with inactive psychosexual desires.

Question 10

Genital/puberty

Answer 10

normal heterosexual development

Question 11

Oedipus complex

Answer 11

Unconscious desire to kill his father and sleep with his mother (ID)

Question 12

Electra complex

Answer 12

Reversed for girls, desire to kill mother and sleep with their father. Girls believe that they have penis envy since they already got castrated.

Question 13

Erik Homburger

Answer 13

Trust vs. Mistrust (their caregivers)
Autonomy vs. doubt (developed self sufficiency by eating and pooping by them selves)
Industry vs. inferiority (develop competence and master new skills)
Identity vs. Role confusion (develop personal identify and sense on self)
Intimacy vs. isolation
Generativity vs. stagnation
Integrity vs. despair

Question 14

Learning Theories

Answer 14

Classical conditioning
Operant conditioning
Social Learning

Question 15

Classical conditioning

Answer 15

Pavlov’s Dogs

Question 16

Operant conditioning

Answer 16

Positive & negative reinforcement

Question 17

Albert Bandura

Answer 17

Cognitive behaviourism

Personality is determined by 3 things: Environment, behaviour, and psychological process

Question 18

Cognitive Theories Stages

Jean Piaget

Answer 18

Sensory motor: Differentiate self from objects
Pre-operational (2-7 years): Use language and words to represent objects and images.
Concrete operational 7-11: Think logically about objects and events
Formal operational 11-now: logically thinking about abstract propositions and test ideas systematically

Question 19

Criticisms of Freud

Answer 19

He didn’t observe children but only adult, also his theories couldn’t be supported by empirical evidence. He also only focused on adult males not females.

Question 20

Criticism of Piaget

Answer 20

He observed only his own children, in addition the other children he did observe were from rich well educated families

Question 21

Piaget’s legacy

Answer 21

Generated interest in child development and developmental psychology