Seminar 5

Question 1

Fear

Answer 1

Fear is momentary reaction to a perceived threat

Question 2

Anxiety

Answer 2

fear-like state induced by a perceived threat, either actual or potential, present or anticipated

Question 3

Function of anxiety

Yerkes-Dodson law

Answer 3

performance improves up to a threshold, and then falls off

Question 4

Two aspects of anxiety

Answer 4

State anxiety is the immediate response to an event

Trait anxiety is the extent to which a person responds anxiously to events

Question 5

The State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI)

Answer 5

A questionnaire for measuring anxiety in events (state) and as a personal characteristic (trait)

Question 6

Pathological anxiety

Answer 6

Pathological anxiety causes avoidance behaviour, incessant worry and difficulties in concentration and memory

Question 7

Biological Risk Factors

Answer 7

Genetics
Brain biochemistry
Overactive “fight or flight” response (typically due to prolonged stress)
Medical conditions
Substance use and withdrawal

Question 8

Psychological risk factors

Answer 8

Poor coping skills
Rigidity/inflexible problem solving
Avoidance 
Impulsivity
Extreme self-expectation
Emotional instability
Inability to focus on problems
Cognitive distortions

Question 9

Anxiety Disorders

Answer 9

Treatable but cannot be completely eliminated

Question 10

DSM-V Anxiety disorders

Answer 10

Separation Anxiety Disorder
Selective Mutism
Specific Phobia
Social Anxiety Disorder (Social Phobia)
Panic Disorder
Panic Attack (Specifier)

Question 11

Anxiety disorders left out from DSM-V

Answer 11

Obsessive compulsive disorder
Now under Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders

Post traumatic stress disorder
Trauma- and Stressor-Related Disorders

Question 12

Separation anxiety disorder

Answer 12

Anxiety when separated from attachment figure

Question 13

Selective mutism

Answer 13

Failure to speak in certain social situations

Question 14

Specific phobia

Answer 14

Fear or anxiety about, or avoiding particular objects or situations

Question 15

Blood-injection-injury phobia

Answer 15

Sight of blood or a needle induces fear and disgust

Question 16

Causes of phobias

Answer 16

Fear of objects and situations may have an evolutionary origin (snakes, heights, disgusting things)
However, phobias seem to be learned, and so a behavioural approach is usually used for treatment
The most effective method is exposure therapy

Question 17

Exposure therapy

Answer 17

The aim is to habituate the patient to the feared stimuli

Question 18

Social anxiety disorder

Answer 18

Anxiety that causes avoidance of social interactions.

Question 19

The ultimate fear

Answer 19

People are afraid of dying
They are also afraid of speaking in front of strangers
And what they’re really afraid is of dying while speaking in front of strangers

Question 20

Panic attack

Answer 20

An intense anxiety attack which starts suddenly and peaks in approximately 10 minutes, and then gradually subsides

Question 21

Cognitive behavioural model

Answer 21

internal/external triggers
perceived threat
anxiety
misinterpretation
physical/cognitive symptoms

Question 22

Substance/medication induced anxiety disorder

Answer 22

Anxiety due to

substance intoxication

Question 23

Treatment of OCD

Answer 23

Cognitive behavioural therapy

Question 24

Treatment of PTSD

Answer 24

Trauma-focused cognitive behavioural therapy