Lecture 4 9/7/22

Question 1

All multicellular organisms are ____
BUT, not all ____ are multicellular

Answer 1

Eukaryotes

Question 2

Both Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes have ____ which contains the _____ which is made from cytosol and its components

Answer 2

Plasma membrane, cytoplasm

Question 3

Both Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes have ____ that make proteins and contain ____

Answer 3

ribosomes, DNA

Question 4

Both Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes have a limit on their ____

Answer 4

Size

Question 5

The nucleus is enclosed by and separated from the cytoplasm by the ______

Answer 5

Nuclear envelope

Question 6

The nuclear side of the envelope is lined by the ____, a netlike array of protein filaments that maintain the shape of the nucleus

Answer 6

Nuclear lamina

Question 7

DNA in the nucleus exist in association with a series of proteins forming what’s called _____

Answer 7

Chromatin

Question 8

____ are discrete units formed by chromatin

Answer 8

Chromosomes

Question 9

The _______ synthesizes a special type of RNA called ribosomal RNA and is located inside the nucleus

Answer 9

nucleolus(pl. necleoli)

Question 10

______ are complexes made up of ribosomal RNA and protein, and are responsible for protein synthesis

Answer 10

Ribosomes

Question 11

Bound _____ are attached to the outside of the endoplasmic reticulum/nuclear envelope

Answer 11

Ribosomes

Question 12

Free ______ are suspended in the cytosol

Answer 12

Ribosomes

Question 13

The ______ is a system continuous with the nuclear membrane

Answer 13

Endoplasmic reticulum

Question 14

The Endoplasmic reticulum transfers components either via direct connectivity, or through the use of transport structures called _____

Answer 14

Vesicles

Question 15

There are 2 parts of The Endoplasmic reticulum: (1)_____, (2)_____ and the difference is due to the lack of ribosomes in the (1)_____

Answer 15

Smooth ER, Rough ER

Question 16

The______ serves as a major site of lipid synthesis such as membrane phospholipids and steroids

Answer 16

Smooth ER

Question 17

The _____ is also important in the production of phospholipids, but is additionally studded with ribosomes, making it important for the production of other Proteins/Enzymes

Answer 17

Rough ER

Question 18

The Rough ER’s products are transported to other parts of cell via _____

Answer 18

Transport vesicles

Question 19

Many products of the ER are further refined in the ______ where compounds are modified, stored, then sent to other portions of the cell

Answer 19

Golgi apparatus

Question 20

_____are membranous sacs containing powerful enzymes that breakdown a wide variety of products to recycle their smaller components

Answer 20

Lysosomes

Question 21

The hydrolytic enzymes in lysosomes function best at ___ pH

Answer 21

low(acidic)

Question 22

chloroplast is the site of _____ which makes glucose

Answer 22

Photosynthesis

Question 23

______ is where cellular respiration takes place, which makes atp

Answer 23

Mitochondria

Question 24

Mitochondria and chloroplast are thought to have originated as free-living organisms, described in _____

Answer 24

endosymbiont theory

Question 25

Mitochondria has two distinct membranes: A smooth outer membrane A convoluted inner membrane which forms the _____

Answer 25

Mitochondria matrix

Question 26

______ are single membrane bound structures that contain enzymes which remove hydrogen atoms from certain molecules to form hydrogen peroxide

Answer 26

Peroxisomes

Question 27

The _____, a network of fibers extending through the cytosol anchors organelles so they are not floating in the cell

Answer 27

cytoskeleton

Question 28

At the cellular level, we refer to movement as ______ whether big or small

Answer 28

motility

Question 29

The movement of internal structures is often mediated by _______, which use aspects of the cytoskeleton

Answer 29

motor proteins

Question 30

The cytoskeleton includes three main types of protein fibers: _____, ______, and _______

Answer 30

Microtubules(thickest) Microfilaments(thinnest) Intermediate filaments(in the middle)

Question 31

Microtubules are hollow rods made from a globular protein called ____ and along with structure they also allow motor proteins to move along them

Answer 31

tubulin

Question 32

Microtubules originate from a region near the nucleus called the ______

Answer 32

centrosome

Question 33

Paired structures inside the centrosome called _____ serve to organize the microtubules as they are assembled and extended outward

Answer 33

centiroles

Question 34

Microtubules form structures such as ___ and ____used for cellular motility

Answer 34

cilia, Flagella

Question 35

Microfilaments are thin, solid rods made up of globular proteins called __________ and maintain the shape of the plasma membrane

Answer 35

Actin

Question 36

_______ (named for their diameter relative to the other two) are found only in animal cells (generally)

Answer 36

Intermediate filaments