Lecture 3 part 2

Question 1

______ have fewer hydrogens and so include some

Answer 1

Unsaturated fats

Question 2

______ are lipids characterized by a carbon skeleton consisting of four fused rings and are important in cell to cell communicating

Answer 2

Steroids

Question 3

_____Are the primary catalysts of most metabolic reactions (enzymes)

Answer 3

Proteins

Question 4

Proteins are made up of monomers called called _____

Answer 4

Amino Acids

Question 5

A chain of amino acids is known as a _____

Answer 5

polypeptide (held together by peptide bonds)

Question 6

Amino acids are made up of three, distinct components:

Answer 6

Amino Group
Carboxyl Group
Side chain (R- Group)

Question 7

The three components are held together by a central carbon called an _____

Answer 7

Alpha Carbon

Question 8

There are in total ____ amino acids and determined by the ______

Answer 8

20, R-Group

Question 9

The three categories are based on the R-groups:

Answer 9

Nonpolar
Polar
Electrically charged

Question 10

Amino acids are formed into chains via dehydration reactions
The resulting ______ are formed between the amino group, and the carboxyl group

Answer 10

Peptide bonds

Question 11

Proteins are functional because of their ___, which is based on the sequence of amino acids

Answer 11

Shape

Question 12

Two basic protein conformations are:

Answer 12

Globular Proteins (Spherical)
Fibrous proteins(strands)

Question 13

____ is the linear chain sequence of amino acids

Answer 13

Primary structure

Question 14

______ is the result of regions stabilized by hydrogen bonds between atoms of the polypeptide backbone and are made of hydrogen bonds

Answer 14

Secondary structure

Question 15

_____ is the coil formed by weak hydrogen bonds

Answer 15

Alpha helix

Question 16

____ is formed when two or more polypeptide chains are bonded parallel to one another by weak hydrogen bonds

Answer 16

Beta pleated sheet

Question 17

_____ is the three-dimensional shape resulting from interactions between R groups

Answer 17

Tertiary

Question 18

____ are the result of hydrophobic amino acids clustering in the center

Answer 18

Hydrophobic interactions

Question 19

_____ are covalent bonds formed from interactions between __________ monomers

Answer 19

Disulfide Bridges, cysteine

Question 20

____ form from the association of two or more polypeptides

Answer 20

Quaternary structure

Question 21

If proteins are not under specific conditions then they become ____

Answer 21

Denatured

Question 22

The primary unit of inheritance, the ____, is what determines this sequence

Answer 22

Gene

Question 23

Genes, and other information coding molecules belong to a group of compounds called _____

Answer 23

Nucleic acids

Question 24

Nucleic acids are unique among the compounds discussed so far in that they ____

Answer 24

Direct their own replication

Question 25

There are two types of nucleic acids:

Answer 25

Deoxyriobonucleic acid (DNA) Ribonucleic acid(RNA)

Question 26

DNA -> RNA -> Proteins, this progression is known as the _____

Answer 26

Central Dogma

Question 27

The monomers that make up nucleic acids are called ______

Answer 27

Nucleotides

Question 28

3 components of a nucleotide

Answer 28

Phosphate Group Pentose sugar(5-carbon sugar) Nitrogenous base

Question 29

There are 5 of nitrogenous bases:

Answer 29

Adenine(A) Cytosine(C) Guanine(G) Thymine(T) Uracil(U)

Question 30

______have a single, six-member ring of carbon and nitrogen and include:

Answer 30

Pyrimindines, Cytosine Thymine Uracil

Question 31

______ are larger and have a six-member ring fused to a five-member ring

Answer 31

Purines, Adenine Guanine

Question 32

The connection is called a _______ and is between the phosphate and pentose sugar portions

Answer 32

Phosphodiester linkage

Question 33

The resultant sugar phosphate backbone has two free ends:

Answer 33

5' end, 3' end

Question 34

_____ has the phosphate group attached to the 5th carbon in the pentose ring

Answer 34

5' end

Question 35

____ has a hydroxyl group attached to the 3rd carbon in the pentose ring

Answer 35

3' end

Question 36

DNA has a _____ sugar RNA a _____ sugar

Answer 36

deoxyribose, ribose

Question 37

DNA has two, complementary polynucleotide strands held together by _____

Answer 37

hydrogen bonds

Question 38

Dna is more _____ than Rna

Answer 38

stable

Question 39

The central dogma describes the process of _____, that is, how proteins are synthesized from DNA

Answer 39

Gene expression

Question 40

Three letter nucleotide sequences called ____correspond to a specific amino acid

Answer 40

Codons

Question 41

In making proteins, ___ is transcribed into RNA.The RNA then goes to an organelle called the ribosome, where RNA is translated into the corresponding protein

Answer 41

DNA