Unit 3 Lecture 1 part 1 10/13/22

Question 1

_____is the transmission of traits from one generation to the next

Answer 1

Heredity

Question 2

_____ is the scientific study of heredity and variation

Answer 2

Genetics

Question 3

_____are the units of heredity and are made up of segments of DNA which code for specific proteins

Answer 3

Genes

Question 4

Genes are passed to the next generation via reproductive cells called __________(sperm and eggs)

Answer 4

Gametes

Question 5

Most DNA is packaged into __________

Answer 5

Chromosomes

Question 6

For example, humans have __________ chromosomes in their somatic cells

Answer 6

46 or 23pairs

Question 7

Each gene has a specific position, or __________, on a certain chromosome

Answer 7

Locus

Question 8

In __________, a single individual passes genes to its offspring without the fusion of gametes

Answer 8

Asexual reproduction

Question 9

A __________ is a group of genetically identical individuals from the same parent

Answer 9

clone

Question 10

In __________, two parents give rise to offspring that have unique combinations of genes inherited from two parents

Answer 10

sexual reproduction

Question 11

A __________ is the generation-to-generation sequence of stages in the reproductive history of an organism

Answer 11

Life cycle

Question 12

Human somatic cells have __________ of chromosomes

Answer 12

23 pairs

Question 13

A __________ is an ordered display of the pairs of chromosomes from a cell

Answer 13

karyotype

Question 14

The two chromosomes in each pair are called __________, or homologs

Answer 14

homologous chromosomes

Question 15

The __________, which determine the sex of the individual, are called X and Y

Answer 15

sex chromosome

Question 16

Human females have a __________ chromosomes (XX)

Answer 16

homologous pair of x

Question 17

Human males have __________ chromosome

Answer 17

one Y and X

Question 18

The remaining 22 pairs of chromosomes are called __________

Answer 18

autosomes

Question 19

A __________ cell (2n) has two sets of chromosomes

Answer 19

Diploid

Question 20

For humans, the __________ number is 46 (2n = 46)

Answer 20

diploid

Question 21

A 1.__________(sperm or egg) contains a single set of chromosomes and is 2.__________(n)

Answer 21

1.Gamete
2.haploid

Question 22

For humans, the haploid number is __________(n = __________)

Answer 22

23

Question 23

Each set of 23 consists of __________ and a __________ chromosome

Answer 23

1. 22 autosomes
2. single sex

Question 24

In an unfertilized egg (ovum), the sex __________

Answer 24

chromosome is x

Question 25

In a sperm cell, the sex chromosome may be __________

Answer 25

either x or y

Question 26

__________ is the union of gametes (the sperm and the egg)

Answer 26

Fertilization

Question 27

The fertilized egg is called a __________ and has one set of chromosomes from each parent

Answer 27

zygote

Question 28

The zygote produces somatic cells by __________ and develops into an adult

Answer 28

mitosis

Question 29

__________ are the only types of human cells produced by __________ rather than mitosis

Answer 29

1.gametes 2.meiosis

Question 30

__________ results in one set of chromosomes in each gamete

Answer 30

meiosis

Question 31

__________ are the only haploid cells in animals

Answer 31

gametes

Question 32

They are produced by __________ and undergo __________ further cell division before fertilization

Answer 32

1.meiosis 2.no

Question 33

Plants and some algae exhibit an __________

Answer 33

alternation of generations

Question 34

In plants a __________ makes haploid gametes by mitosis

Answer 34

gametophyte

Question 35

In plants, fertilization of gametes results in a diploid __________

Answer 35

sporophyte

Question 36

In plants, only ________ cells can undergo meiosis

Answer 36

diploid

Question 37

Meiosis takes place in two sets of cell divisions, called 1._______ and 2.______

Answer 37

meiosis I meiosis II

Question 38

in meiosis the 2 cell divisions result in ____ daughter cells, rather than the 2 daughter cells in mitosis

Answer 38

4

Question 39

In meiosis each daughter cell has only ___ as many chromosomes as the parent cell

Answer 39

half

Question 40

in meiosis a single pair of homologous chromosomes in a diploid cell, both members of the pair are ______

Answer 40

duplicated

Question 41

Homologs may have different versions of genes, each called an ___

Answer 41

allele

Question 42

Homologs are not associated in any obvious way except during ____

Answer 42

meiosis

Question 43

__________ halves the total number of chromosomes very specifically

Answer 43

Meiosis

Question 44

In the __________ meiotic division, homologous pairs of chromosomes pair and separate and In the second meiotic division, sister chromatids of each chromosome separate

Answer 44

first

Question 45

After the second meiotic division, ____ new haploid cells are produced as a result

Answer 45

Four