Unit 2 lecture 4 9/28/22

Question 1

Organisms which make their own organic compounds are known as ______

Answer 1

Producers

Question 2

Producers are also known as ______ and use a number of metabolic pathways to make organic compounds

Answer 2

Autotrophs

Question 3

_______derive energy from sunlight to provide inputs in catabolic reactions that make organic compounds

Answer 3

photautotrophs

Question 4

________which includes consumers and decomposers, almost entirely rely on those organic compounds

Answer 4

heterotrophs

Question 5

Photoautotrophs primarily rely on photosynthesis to produce _______

Answer 5

glucose

Question 6

There are a wide variety of photoautotrophic organisms, but ______are by FAR the most abundant and prolific (at least in terrestrial ecosystems)

Answer 6

plants

Question 7

_______is the anabolic pathway responsible for glucose production

Answer 7

photosynthesis

Question 8

During photosynthesis, CO2 is reduced to produce 1._____and water is 2._____to produce oxygen

Answer 8

1.glucose
2.oxidized

Question 9

photosynthesis equation:

Answer 9

6CO2 + 6H2O -> C6H12O2 + 6O2

Question 10

_____was thought to be absent from the early Earth atmosphere

Answer 10

Oxygen

Question 11

______ is a form of radiant energy

Answer 11

Visible light

Question 12

Visible light has wavelengths between about 1.______ and 2.______

Answer 12

1.700m(red light)
2.400m(blue light)

Question 13

Light is made up of elementary particles called ______

Answer 13

photons

Question 14

During ________ sunlight energyis absorbed and converted into chemical energy (ATP & NADPH) the NADPH carries the electron

Answer 14

light-dependent reactions

Question 15

During _______, electrons in NADPH, along with ATP, are used as a source of energy to convert inorganic CO2 to an organic form (CO2 fixation or carbon fixation)

Answer 15

light-independent reactions(Calvin cycle)

Question 16

Photosynthesis occurs in organelles called _____(in eukaryotes)

Answer 16

chloroplast

Question 17

Inside inner membrane is the 1._____ and within 1._____, membranes form flattened, closed sacs called 2.______

Answer 17

1stroma
2.thylakoids

Question 18

Stacks of thylakoids are called _______

Answer 18

grana

Question 19

Light dependent reactions occur in______

Answer 19

thylakoids

Question 20

Light reactions involve two main processes :
1._______
2._______

Answer 20

1.Light absorption
2.Synthesis of NADPH and ATP

Question 21

Light is absorbed by green pigments (1.______) and yellow-orange pigments (2._______)

Answer 21

1.chlorophylls
2.carotenoids

Question 22

When not absorbing light, electrons in a pigment molecule are at low energy level ______

Answer 22

ground state

Question 23

When e- in a pigment absorbs energy of a photon, it jumps to a higher energy level ______

Answer 23

excited state

Question 24

Embedded in thylakoids, _______are large protein complexes with light absorbing pigments and proteins. These are where light energy is converted into chemical energy

Answer 24

photosystems

Question 25

________ and ______ carry out light-dependent reactions

Answer 25

1.photosystem 2 2.photosystem 1

Question 26

Photosystem II ______ boosts electrons

Answer 26

Cholorphyll a

Question 27

The calvin cycle occurs in three, distinct phases 1.______ 2.______ 3.______

Answer 27

1.Carbon Fixation 2.Reduction 3.Regeneration

Question 28

Calvin cycle occurs in the stroma of the chloroplast Receives two important inputs: 1.______ 2.______

Answer 28

1.ATP 2.NADPH

Question 29

The first step in the the light-independent reactions is the ______

Answer 29

Carbon Fixation

Question 30

CO2 combines with 1._______ via the enzyme 2.______ forming a 6-carbon molecule

Answer 30

1.Ribulose Bisphosphate(RuBP) 2.RuBisCo

Question 31

This relatively unstable compound splits into (2) 3-carbon molecules called ________(3PGA )

Answer 31

phosphoglycerate

Question 32

In Reduction An input of ATP phosphorylates 3PGA to produce ________

Answer 32

1,3-bisphosphoglycerate

Question 33

bisphosphoglycerate is reduced by NADPH to form _____

Answer 33

Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate(G3P)

Question 34

It is the all important ___that is used as the substrate for the synthesis of compounds such as glucose

Answer 34

G3P

Question 35

During regeneration, ATP is used to _____ from G3P so it can restart the cycle

Answer 35

regenerate RuBP

Question 36

Gas exchange (CO2 in and O2 out) occurs through ______

Answer 36

stomata

Question 37

___ plants fix carbon using only the Calvin cycle

Answer 37

C3

Question 38

Oxygen competes with the CO2 for the active site of RuBisCO, resulting in what’s known as _______

Answer 38

photorespiration

Question 39

In ______,CO2 is fixed as a 4-carbon molecule by an enzyme that doesn’t have oxygenase activity

Answer 39

C4 plants

Question 40

The C4 fixation occurs in one type of cell and Calvin Cycle occurs in a ______type of cell

Answer 40

different

Question 41

C4 plants are more ______at fixing CO2 than C3 plants, but more ATP is required

Answer 41

efficient

Question 42

CAM plants (cactus, lily, orchid) live in arid regions (hot and dry during the day and cool at night) so at night they fix CO2 into _____

Answer 42

malic acid