Lecture 4; engineering under the roman empire

Question 1

describe the 2nd line in the roman 3 line system

Answer 1

• hestati
• Good armour and spears
• take on first assault

Question 2

who was the emperor at the time when the Flavian theater was built. Talk about him

Answer 2

Vespasian

• built the flavian theater
• used as a method of propaganda
• since emperor Nero illegally built a lake in the middle of the city, Vespasians message was: im the new emperor of rome, im giving back what was stolen from rome and giving it back to the romans

Question 3

the Visigoths demolished rome in pursuit of obtaining ___

Answer 3

Bronze hooks

Question 4

whats the last step in the roman road?

Answer 4

Parallel drainage

Question 5

the collusseum is actually called the

Answer 5

flavian theater

Question 6

___ is the digging part of making a roman road

Answer 6

fossa

Question 7

Who created the first encyclopedia?

A) Posidinus

B) Colussus of Nero

C) Herophilius

D) Pliny the Elder

E) Claudius Ptolmey

Answer 7

D - Pliny the Elder

Question 8

what did the games in the vespasian theater do for the public?

Answer 8

• cheap entertainment and cheap food = lots of love for emperor
• games were way to keep the people happy
• the gov payed for everything

Question 9

what can we take away from the Roman 3 line system

Answer 9

they had a continous and steady supply of fresh troops. they had so many troops cuz they had lots of allies

Question 10

technically, rome was NOT the first city with running water, sewers, toilets, and baths

Answer 10

FALSE: they were

Question 11

who were the people who were killed violently and inhumainly in the theater?

Answer 11

• the christians. Why?
  
  • they didnt pay taxes to the state cuz they saw god as the as the head of state and not rome
    *

Question 12

describe what was associated with building buildings. who it benefited, who controled it, what parts of society benefited

Answer 12

this was all about personal prestige and status

• rich people funded the projects of buildings
• showing wealth and pristige was also shown by buying things for others (i.e. shaves were showered with gifts from their owners)
• if you build a building in rome, you were entitled to put your name on it

HOWEVER, what ever was built in rome was FOR THE PEOPLE -> thus the poeple owned them

Question 13

how were Roman Castra interconnected?

A) pathways

B) roads

C) directional signs

D) maps

Answer 13

B - roads

Question 14

how did the romans communicate with eachother?

Answer 14

Vindolanda writing tablets

Question 15

what is the summum dorsum?

Answer 15

this is the road surface

• large stone slabs
• curved so that water would drain to the sides

Question 16

What war plan/tactic did the romans use?

Answer 16

the 3 line system​

4 line of different soldiers, 1 legion of around 4200 men

Question 17

the games in the vespasian theater was a method of

A) art

B) Propaganda

C) social control

D) gaining revenue

Answer 17

C - social control

Question 18

what is the pavimentum part of building a roman road?

Answer 18

• compacked sand or dry earth
• packed sand or dirt made perfectly flat
• step 2

HINT: (Pavi) in pavimentum sounds like packed

Question 19

what is the 4th line in the roman 3 line system

Answer 19

• triarri
• Best armour
• best equipment
• more intelligent
• generally older (and wiser military tactics)
• Experience

Question 20

describe the 1st line in the roman 3 line system

Answer 20

• velities
• duty not to fight
• purpose was to intercept long range weapons with their shield
• didnt have much armour​

Question 21

How was the Roman empire completely destroyed? By whom? what was the theme that has once again come to destroy a civilization?

Answer 21

The Christians. they burned greek statues and turned them into lime (which was reused for concrete)

Question 22

Agustus Octavian started the series of reforms which included having marble siding on buildings

Answer 22

True

Question 23

how do we know for sure that slaves did not build roman roads?

Answer 23

Milestones

• present every 1.5 kms
• describes who built it, maintained it, and its last service

Question 24

what is this called? describe them

Answer 24

castra

• designed and built by engineers
• all forts identical
• standardized designs
• required to have public toilets, running water, and baths

Question 25

describe the history of the the romans (briefly)

Answer 25

1. roman kingdom ends when Tarquinius Superbus exiled 2. Roman republic ends when Julius Cesar comes to power 3. Roman empire ends when Constantinople was taken 4. division b/w east and west rome

Question 26

describe the 3rd line in the roman 3 line system

Answer 26

* **principes** * heavy armour * ​​strongest * enemy generally gets killed off by this line

Question 27

Initially the army was restricted to ...

Answer 27

the rich and the privileged * their duty lasted the time of the war * needed lots of wealth to buy expensive armour * seen as a privilege to be in army

Question 28

who would come to the aid if one had problems with plumming? explain A) Peasants B) government workers C) Venus Cloacina D) Posidinus

Answer 28

C - Venus Cloacina known as the "stinking Venus"

Question 29

what is this called? describe it

Answer 29

**Roman heating system** * raised floor with empty space b/w so that air can flow * had ducts in walls * has a _furnace with hot air_ that would flow through floor and ducts

Question 30

what army tactic did the romans abandon ? (based on the greek warfare)

Answer 30

The **phalynax** greek system * used giant spears to penetrate invadors * if you knew how it worked, you would attack the army by throwing objects rather then have infantry try and take them out * whichever side attacked first lost

Question 31

cemented sand and small gravel is called A) Fossa B) Statumen C) Rudus D) nucleus

Answer 31

C - rudus

Question 32

Rome ended by being conqured

Answer 32

False

Question 33

what was the first city to have a popualtion of over 1 million people? A) Rome B) Alexandria C) Constantinople D) none of the above

Answer 33

A - Rome

Question 34

what is the worlds first sewer system called?

Answer 34

**Cloca Maxima**

Question 35

the groma is the process of ... for roman roads

Answer 35

making a grid plan

Question 36

what is considered the modern version of concrete in the roman road building process?

Answer 36

**Nucleus**

Question 37

in chronological order, describe the process of building a roman road

Answer 37

1. Fossa 2. Pavimentum 3. statumen 4. rudus 5. nucleus 6. summum dorsum 7. parallel drainage ditch

Question 38

who invented the public toilets?

Answer 38

Romans

Question 39

what was the first instance when technology was used for propoganda?

Answer 39

the Flavian theater

Question 40

step 3 in the roman building of roads is (hint crushed rock)

Answer 40

**statumen**

Question 41

what is this called. Describe who made them. Where they were found. what did we know about them?

Answer 41

**vindolanda writing tablets** * written by all ppls including the poor, the slaves, and prisoners * we know this because there were some tablets that were written by slaves; they were directed to their masters to buy food for example or exhcange goods * located at _hadrians wall_ * discovered thousands of letters all over roman empire * we know now that nearly **everyone in roman empire was litterate** * affordable and standardized * wrote on wooden shingles

Question 42

building construction was funded by the government at the time to employ people

Answer 42

False: it was unded by _rich magistrates_ because it was seen as a *privilege*

Question 43

whats the name of the biggest structure in rome?

Answer 43

**circus Maximum** * used for chariot racing * held b/w 250-500 thousand ppl * build right under emperors palace

Question 44

what were the 3 architectural orders in the roman empire? describe them

Answer 44

* **doric** * basic style * most affordable 2. **ionic** * used in gov buildings * showed _wealth and power_ * more expensive 3. **corinthian** * most wealthy of them all * intricate design

Question 45

why did the romans build so many roads?

Answer 45

* used to **control poeple** * a way for government to keep ppl busy and employed * built by armies and legioneers

Question 46

the roman roads were built to serve ...

Answer 46

military purposes

Question 47

who decided to build a new capital away from rome? What was it called?

Answer 47

Constantine. Constantilople

Question 48

Rome was a city built of Marble

Answer 48

FALSE: it was first city built of _cement_

Question 49

Who began to demolish roman buildings when they arrived and found it inhabbited?

Answer 49

the *Visigoths*

Question 50

what are the compounds used in cement in the roman empire?

Answer 50

* volcanic ash * lime * water

Question 51

what was the Eastern Roman empire called?

Answer 51

Byzantine Empire

Question 52

how was water circulated through the city?

Answer 52

* used lead pipes * went through aqueducts

Question 53

Who wrote the first Mathematical model of the cosmos?

Answer 53

Claudius Ptolmey

Question 54

who reformed the army system? what did he create for the soldiers?

Answer 54

Marius * poor and landless now able to join army * army was payed for the first time * given retirement package after 25 years service * soldiers would receive plot of land * Problem: not enough land so they begun giving land in neighbouring countries * the roman empire grew quickly in response to providing soldiers with retirement package land plans

Question 55

what was the largest show in the theater? A) Trijan B) Trogan C) maximum D) None of the above

Answer 55

A - Trijan

Question 56

what is known as the Romans google maps/earth? describe it.

Answer 56

**Millarium Aurem** * known as the "golden milestone" * every town and city in roman empire is inscribed on the column * tells you how far it is, how many hotels around, service stations, ect.