lecture 9: age of experimentation

Question 1

because the price of peper was just as high as the price of gold, the europeans invented ___ to trade with the arabs

Answer 1

alchemy

Question 2

what was the book that contributed to the birth of modern science?

Answer 2

Optics

Question 3

what does the front page of Instauratio Magna tell us

Answer 3

• pillars of hercules
  
  • limits of the ancient world and knowledge b/c they never ventured into the oceans (romans and greeks)
• pillars symbolize the limits of ancient knowledge

Question 4

what was the reason for refrigeration?

Answer 4

to remove the terrible smell and taste -> NOT toxicity

Question 5

what was the major fallout b/w Newton and Hooke about?

Answer 5

the reflective telescope

Question 6

which of bacons 5 principles of the laws of nature differs from older versions of science?

Answer 6

objectivity

• today we are driven by the profit motive

Question 7

who invented chemistry?

1. price
2. boyle
3. ptolmey
4. robert hooke

Answer 7

Boyle

Question 8

___ is the definition of turning base metals into gold

Answer 8

transmutation

Question 9

Bacons methodology about establishing facts. t or f

Answer 9

true

Question 10

physica et mystica was about …

1. elixir of live
2. transforming base metals into gold
3. the secrets of secrets
4. none of the above

Answer 10

2. transforming base metals into gold

Question 11

what factor influenced/inspired the birth of experimentalism?

Answer 11

lack of refrigeration

Question 12

what are bacons 5 rules of laws of nature?

Answer 12

1. repeatable experiments
2. reductionism
3. objectivity
4. public witnessing
5. scientific publications

Question 13

who sponsored the royal society?

Answer 13

the new middle class

Question 14

what were the 2 books that alchemy was based on?

Answer 14

1. Physica et Mystica
2. Razi Al

Question 15

what was Newton’s book “optics” about? how was it influential?

Answer 15

• the behavior of light
  
  • matter is composed of small particles
• this is the book on how to conduct modern science
• turned the english language into the official language of modern science

Question 16

the royal society was based on baconian model for collecting knowledge

Answer 16

true

Question 17

who was burned alive because he said copernicus was right?

Answer 17

Giorano Bruno

Question 18

identify the lowest level of the royal society’s system of collecting knowledge

Answer 18

• merchants of light
  
  • captains (ppl who explore the world)
• depredators
  
  • archives (ppl who study the archives around the world)
• 3 mystery men
  
  • guilds (ppl who wernt scientists, But held the secrets to knowledhe)
• 4 pioneers of miners
  
  • experiments (conduct the experiments from the above 3)

Question 19

what was Newtons first publication? how was it influential?

Answer 19

• principa mathematica
• work on mathematics
• newtonion laws of gravity and motion -> universal
• social changes to british society
  
  • all laws applied to all echelons of society
  • changed the way the brits looked at sickness, poverty, ect. (before religion would have told ppl that the poor are poor b/c there wicked ppl)

Question 20

who was the secretary of the royal society?

Answer 20

robert hooke

Question 21

how were alchemists important/influential to modern science/technology?

Answer 21

since they were all liars, there was a shift from stealing money from people, to actually producing things

Question 22

what were the 2 things that Newton invented

Answer 22

laws of nature and calculus

Question 23

francis bacon used a new method of ____ to undermine aristotle

Answer 23

experimentalism

Question 24

discribe Bacon’s “Instauratio Magna”

Answer 24

• conduction of modern science
• the phrase “knowledge is power”
• used for the benefit of mankind
• problem: it was actually used to kill and destroy mankind

Question 25

discribe the mid level of the royal society's system

Answer 25

* compliers * put all the knowledge and experiments in writting * put into baconian tablets * benefactors * most crucial * gate keepers of the system * decide to pursue or abandon tablets from compliers

Question 26

james price went before the royal society to demonstrate how to ...

Answer 26

turn base metals into gold which was known as the elixir of life

Question 27

describe the top level of the royal society

Answer 27

* interpreters of nature * taking all the knowledge and turning them into laws

Question 28

alchemy evolved into modern \_\_\_\_\_ 1. physics 2. chemistry 3. knowledge 4. none of the above

Answer 28

2. chemistry

Question 29

what was the royal society's first scientific publication

Answer 29

"philosophical transactions"

Question 30

what is Nano Mirabilis? who invented it?

Answer 30

the year of miracles * newton - explained how it was possible for us to stay on earth when it revolved around the sun so rapidly

Question 31

who wrote the book "making gold from mercury" 1. francis bacon 2. robert boyle 3. william gilbert 4. none of the above

Answer 31

4. none of the above -\> james price

Question 32

the new religion, known as the exilir of life, is ... 1. gold 2. knowledge 3. religion 4. none of the above

Answer 32

4. -\> mercury

Question 33

who used magnets to invent electricity?

Answer 33

william Gilbert

Question 34

what is the definition of science?

Answer 34

it is a **standardized** method/system for **obtaining facts**