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Pathology > Lecture 5 > Flashcards

Lecture 5 Flashcards

1
Q

What is achalasia

A

Motility disorders of oesophagus

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2
Q

What does achalasia cause

A

Dysphagia, regurgitation, weightless

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3
Q

When is achalasia usually seen

A

Post weaning with introduction of food

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4
Q

What is cricopharyngel achalasia

A

Upper oesophagus sphincter disorder

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5
Q

What is megaoesophagus

A

Dilation due to insufficient or uncoordinated peristalsis. It can be congenital or acquired

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6
Q

Where is congenital megaoesophagus located

A

Persistent R fourth aortic arch - Aorta, pulmonary and ductus arterosis

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7
Q

What does congenital megaoesphagus cause

A

Obstruction and dilation cranial to heart

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8
Q

What is idiopathic denervation, myasthenia gravis cause

A

Dilation to cranial stomach

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9
Q

Where is acquired megaoesophagus located

A

Dilation cranial to stomach

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10
Q

What are some examples of megaoesophagus

A
  • Idiopathic denervation - Polymyositis - Myasthenia gravis - Hypothyroidism - Lead poisoning - Peripheral neuropathies - Oesophagitis - Recurrent gastric dilation - Breed predilection
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11
Q

What are some oesophageal parasites

A

Gongylonema (nematodes) Gasterophilus (fly larvae) Hypoderma lineatum (warble fly larvae) Spirocerca lupi (nematodes)

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12
Q

What are some disorders of the ruminant fore stomach

A

Bloat Foreign bodies Ruminal acidosis Rumenitis Traumatic reticulitis

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13
Q

What are the two types of bloat

A

Frothy bloat Free gas bloat

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14
Q

What is frothy bloat

A

Fermentation gases trapped in a stabl foam

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15
Q

What is frothy bloat due to

A

Rapid digestion and fine dietary particles trap gas in bubbles

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16
Q

Where are the two types of frothy bloat and their causes

A

Pasture bloat: legumes - clover, alfalfa Feedlot bloat: finely ground grain, bacterial slime

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17
Q

What is free gas bloat

A

Animal unable to eruct ate free gas

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18
Q

What can cause free gas bloat

A

Partial obstruction of oesophagus Altered rumenoreticular motility Posture

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19
Q

With carbohydrate overload, ruminal acidosis and rumenitis what would be the necropsy findings

A

Watery, acidic ruminal and intestinal contents , there is often large amount of grain in rumen. Mucosa or ruminal papillae brown, friable, sloughs

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20
Q

What would you see histopathologically with carbohydrate overload, ruminal acidosis and rumenitis

A

Ruminal epithelium is damages - Hydropic changes - Coagulative necrosis - Influx of neutrophils

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21
Q

What is seen if an animal survives lactic acidosis

A

Oale stellate scars on ruminal mucosa

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22
Q

What is bacterial rumenitis secondary to

A

Acidosis/mechanical injury

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23
Q

What causes bacterial rumenitis

A

Fusobacterium necrophorum Truperella progenies

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24
Q

Which bacterial rumenitis, where does the bacteria migrate

A

Via portal circulation to liver

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25
Q

When does mycotic rumenitis develop

A

Several days after ruminal acidosis/injury

26
Q

What can mycotic rumenitis be secondary to

A

Antibiotics

27
Q

What is vagus indigestion

A

Functional outflow problem from fore stomach e.g. damaged vagus nerve, obstruction, idiopathic

28
Q

What is type I vagus ingestion

A

Failed education -> bloat - Inflammation of vagus nerve

29
Q

What is type II vagus ingestion

A

Failed transport from omasum into abomasum

30
Q

What is type III vagus ingestion

A

Physical impaction by feed, abomasal displacement and volvulus

31
Q

What is type IV vagus ingestion

A

Pregnancy related -> shifting of the position of the abomasum due to the increased size of the foetus causing compression of the abdominal branches of the vagus nerve

32
Q
A

Simple gastric dialation

33
Q
A

GDV -> gastric ischaemia and necrosis

34
Q
A

Abomasal volvulus: calf

35
Q
A

Abomasal rupture

36
Q
A

Acute haemorrhagic gastritis - pig

37
Q
A

Uraemic Gastropathy/gastritis: cat

38
Q
A

Mycotic Abomasitis and omasitis

39
Q
A

Chronic Giant Hypertrophic Gastropathy

40
Q
A

Pyloric stenosis in a horse

41
Q
A

Giant hypertrophic pyloric gastropathy

42
Q
A

Equine gasterophiliasis

43
Q
A

Focal granulomatous gastritis: draschia

44
Q
A

Abomasum: haemonchus contortus

45
Q
A

Hypoproteinaemia: haemonchiasos: bottle jaw

46
Q
A

Ostertagiosis

47
Q
A

Atresia Coli

48
Q
A

Atresia Coli

49
Q
A

Megacolon

50
Q
A

Megacolon

51
Q
A

Linear foregin body: cat S.I.

52
Q
A

Ascardid impaction

53
Q
A

Intestinal stricture

54
Q
A

Enterolith

55
Q
A

Intussusception and infarction

56
Q
A

Small intestinal intussusception

57
Q
A

Ileo-caecal intussusception

58
Q
A

Herniation of small intestine throgu epiploic foramen

59
Q
A

Diaphragmatic hernia

60
Q
A

Scrotal hernia

Pathology (26 decks)

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