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Pathology > Lecture 10 > Flashcards

Lecture 10 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the signs of colic

A

Restlessness

Rolling

Lying down

Kicking/biting at flank

Pawing the ground

Anorexia

Depression

Increased HR

Increased respiratory rate

Delayed CRT

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2
Q

What is Rhodoccus equi

A

Normal inhabitant of equine intestine and soil - Can resist destruction inside macrophages - Migrating parasites larvae aid spread in body

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3
Q

Where do you see pulmonary pyogranulomas

A

in foals less than 6 months and immunocompromised adult horses - Placentitis and abortions - Cutaneous ulcerative lymphangitis

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4
Q

How do animals get pulmonary pyogranulomas

A

Cough up and swallow organisms - Enter intestinal M cells overlying GALT

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5
Q

What sort of inflammation is seen with pyogranulomatous lymphadenitis of GALT, Pyogranulomatous ulcerative enterotyphlocolitis

A

Pyogranulomatous inflammation - Abscess formation - Necrotic tissues - Ulcerated Peyer’s patches

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6
Q

What is seen with pyogranulomatous lymphadenitis of GALT, Pyogranulomatous ulcerative enterotyphlocolitis

A

Macrophages and multinucleate giant cells full of bacteria fill the lamina proprietary and submucosa - Thickened, corrugated intestine - Multifocal abscesses, necrosis and ulceration over GALT - Enlarged, grey, mesenteric lymphnodes

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7
Q

What is a idopathic disease of horses intestines

A

Clostridial enteritis (Colitis X)

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8
Q

What is the cause of Clostridial enteritis (Colitis X)

A

Unknown cause - Several associated environmental factors - Exhaustion, shock, stressors - Colostridium perfringens Type A - Clostridium difficile

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9
Q

What are the clinical signs of Clostridial enteritis (Colitis X)

A

Severe. diarrhoea, no blood, rapidly fatal

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10
Q

What is seen with the lesions of Clostridial enteritis (Colitis X)

A

Oedema, congestion, haemorrhage of caecum and colon Endotoxic shock (DIC, thrombosis, adrenal haemorrhage)

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11
Q

Where do Ascariasis locate in horses

A

Adults in proximal intestinal lumen

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12
Q

How do horses get Ascariasis

A

Intra-uterine and milk transmission, ingestion of eggs

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13
Q

Explain the migration of Ascariasis

A

Intestine -> portal vein -> liver -> vena cava -> larval -> development in lungs -> cough and swallow -> intestinal maturation -> eggs in faeces

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14
Q

Where do strongyles vulgaris locate

A

Verminous arteritis (cranial mesenteric artery) - Thromboembolism causes vascular obstruction and infarction of the intestines - Nodules rupture into large intestine releasing worms

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15
Q

What do strongylus equines and edentatus cause

A

Nodules in large intestine

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16
Q

What do cyathostomes do

A

Burrow into large intestine wall

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17
Q

What is seen with BVD

A

Acute BVD - Subclinical infection - Mild acute BVD - Severe acute BVD Reproductive problems Persistently infected animals Mucosal disease

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18
Q

What is seen with Acute bovine viral disease

A
  • Highly contagious, rarely fatal
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19
Q

What happens when immunocompetent, seronegative, non-pregnant cattle becomes infected with BVD

A

Usually mild or subclinical Nasal dischage Diarrhoea Mild oral mucosal erosions and ulcers

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20
Q

What happens to foetus when affected with BVD

A

If foetus is infected by non-cytopathic strain of BVDV transplacentally early in gestation - Possible reproductive failure - PI immunotolerant carrier

21
Q

What happens to the PI of BVD

A

Mucosal disease: PI carriers that later become super infected by cytopathic BVDV strain

22
Q

What is the outcome with mucosal disease

A

Severe, usually fatal - Fever, anorexia, nasal dischage, respiratory disease, ptyalism - Acute stomatitis and pharyngitis -> oral erosions and ulcers - Severe diarrhoea, rapid dehydration, death Chronic mucosal disease - Some evidence of healing of ulcers - Frequent, scant mucoid faeces with blood flecks, tenesmus - Emacication - Occasionally interdigital dermatitis, coronets, laminitis

23
Q

What is the appearance of the lesions of mucosal disease

A

White necrotic foci 1-2mm with margin of hyperaemia progress to ulcers Erosions, ulcers and crusts on nares and muzzle Ulcers throughout GIT - Oral cavity - Oesophagus, rumenoreticulum, omasum, abomasum - GALT and Peyer’s patches in intestines are necrotic - Chronic: food lesoions: interdigital dermatitis, coronets

24
Q

What is rinder pest similar to

A

BVD

25
Q

What is malignant catarrhal fever

A

Pansystemic ideas of cattle and wild ruminants - Sporadic disease, high mortality

26
Q

What are the two forms of MCF

A
  • Wildebesst associated MCF - Sheep associated MCF
27
Q

What are the clinical signs of MCF

A
  • Conjunctivitis, corneal opacity, lacrimation - Enlarged lymph nodes, nervous signs, diarrhoea
28
Q

What bacteria causes Johne’s disease (paratuberculosis)

A

Mycobacterium avian spp. paratuberculosis

29
Q

What age cows are infected with Johne’s disease

A

Over 18 month of age - Chronic diarrhoea, emaciation, hypoproteinaemia

30
Q

What are the lesions of Johne’s disease

A

Chronic thickened intestinal mucosal folds - Ileum, caecum, proximal colon Granulomatous enteritis - Accumulation of many foamy macrophages in lamina propria esp ileum - Mesenteric lymphadenopathy

31
Q

What bacteria causes Yersoniosis

A

Yersinia enterocolitica and pseudotuberculosis

32
Q

What does Yersoniosis. mainly occur as

A

Intestinal disease Mainly a disease of temperate climates

33
Q

What is Yersoniosis commonly known as

A

Mud fever

34
Q

What is the action of Yersoniosis

A

Invade via M cells over Peyer’s patches

35
Q

What does coccidiosis infect

A

Young animals: neonatal scours

36
Q

What is something about coccidiosis

A

Very host and tissue specific protozoa - Many species of Eimeria infect different ruminant species - Obligate intracellular pathogens

37
Q
A

Multifocal ulceratice colitiis: rhodococus equi

38
Q
A

Mesenteric Pyogranulomatous Lymphadenitis: Rhodococcus Equi

39
Q
A

Clostridial enteritis/colitis: colitis X

40
Q
A

Acute Multifical Oespohageal Ulcers: BVDV

41
Q
A

Acute multifocal oespohageal ulcers: BVDV

42
Q
A

Necrosis of GALT: BVDV

43
Q
A

Multifocal ulceratice colitis: BVDV

44
Q
A

Malignant Catarrhal Fever

45
Q
A

Granulomatous enteritus: Johne’s Disease

46
Q
A

Granulomatous Enteritis: Johne’s Disease

47
Q
A

Yersiniosis

48
Q
A

Multifocal proliferatice enteritis: caprine coccidiosis

Pathology (26 decks)

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