Lecture 5 Arterial Blood Glass (missed this lecture)

Question 1

Normal values according to FA (arterial blood):
pH = 
PO2= 
PCO2:
HCO3
SaO2

Answer 1

7.35-7.45;
75-105;
33-44 mm Hg (CO2 = 40)
22-28 mm Hg (HCO3 = 25)
94-98%

Question 2

What does A-a gradient stand for? What is it normally (According to FA)

Answer 2

Alveolar PO2 - arterial PO2; 10-15 mm Hg

Question 3

What does FIO2 stand for

Answer 3

fraction of inspired oxygen

Question 4

Acute respiratory acidosis:

pH less than ____ and P CO2 more than ____. any kidney changes immediately?

Answer 4

7.35; 40;

no

Question 5

chronic respiratory acidosis: the kidney compensates by increasing ____ absorption and increasing ___ excretion. thus, blood concentration of ____ increases

Answer 5

HCO3, H+;
HCO3

(never reaches normal)

Question 6

Acute respiratory alkalosis:

pH greater than ____ and PCO2 less than _____. any kidney changes immediately?

Answer 6

7.45, 40;

no

Question 7

Chronic respiratory alkalosis:

decreased _____ absorption and decreased ____ excretion; thus, blood concentration of ____ decreases

Answer 7

HCO3, H+;

HCO3

Question 8

Metabolic acidosis:
pH is less than _____. HCO3- concentration is (increased or decreased compared to 25)?; is there an immediate resp response?

Answer 8

7.35; decreased; yes, hyperventilation (kussamul)

Question 9

chronic metabolic acidosis:

the body increases synthesis of ____. this allows an increased excretion of ___ as _____ acid

Answer 9

NH3; NH4+ titratable

from BRS

Question 10

metabolic alkalosis:

pH is greater than ____. HCO3- is (greater or less than 25)?; any resp response?

Answer 10

7.45; greater than;

yes, hypoventilation

Question 11

Equation for anion gap:

normal anion gap is ____

Answer 11

Na+ - (Cl + HCO3);

8-12 mEq/L

Question 12

what metabolic disorder can high altitude cause (hypoxemia)? what about pulmonary embolism?

Answer 12

respiratory alkalosis;

respiratory alkalosis

Question 13

Airway obstruction and acute lung disease can cause what metabolic disorder?

Answer 13

respiratory acidosis

Question 14

From FA:
predicted respiratory compensation for a single metabolic acidosis can be calculated using ____ formula. If the measured PCO2 differs significantly from the predicted, then a _____ disorder is likely present

Answer 14

winter’s;

mixed acid-base

Question 15

From FA:

what is winter’s formula?

Answer 15

(1.5 [HCO3] ) + 8

plus or minus 2 is considered normal.