Lecture 16 Asthma Flashcards
(22 cards)
Asthma is characterized by episodic (inspiratory or expiratory) ____
expiratory wheezing (inspiratory as well if severe)
Asthmatic patients often have a ____ cough and increased ____ diameter
nocturnal;
anterior-posterior
asthma involves inflammation of the airways and ___ ____ muscle ____
bronchial smooth, hyperactivity
allergic asthma typically develops in children with a ____ Family history to allergies
atopic
____ ____ infections are common triggers of asthma exacerbation in children and adults. they may also promote development of asthma in kids
viral respiratory
acetylcholine acts on ___ receptors in the airway smooth muscle to cause ____. ____ receptors inhibit release of Ach
M3, bronchoconstriction;
M2
Viruses inhibit the ___ receptor binding of Ach, causing ____ release of Ach and and ____ bronchoconstriction
M2, increased, increased
atopic symptoms include asthma, ____, ____, or other skin conditions
dermatitis, eczema
what nasal findings may be seen in patients with asthma?
increased secretions, nasal polyps
How do you diagnose asthma?
methacholine challenge + spirometry
asthma medications that are used in acute episodes are typically short acting ____ ____
beta 2 agonists
3 types of long term meds for asthma:
inhaled ____, long acting ______; _____ modifiers
corticosteroids, b2 agonists, leukotriene modifiers
2 inhaled corticosteroids mentioned in FA:
fluticasone, budesonide
2 long acting beta agonists mentioned in FA:
salmeterol, formoterol
can long acting beta 2 agonists be used alone in treating asthma?
NO (blackbox warning);
use with corticosteroids
leukotrtienes are potent broncho_____ and promote production of ____
constrictors, mucus
2 leukotriene receptor antagonists mentioned in FA/her notes:
montelukast (12 yrs or older), zafirlukast (5 or older)
theophylline mechanism of action; it has a ____ therapeutic index
inhibits phosphodiesterase = increased cAMP;
narrow (cardio and neurotoxic)
cromolyn and nedocromil are what kind of drugs?
mast cell stabilizers
status asthmaticus is an asthma attack unresponsive to ______
beta 2 agonists
if there is a ____ on physical exam, DANGER
silent chest
what anticholinergic is used during status asthmaticus? what beta agonist is administered IV sometimes?
ipratropium, terbutaline
