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Medical Pathology > Lecture 5: Stroke 2 > Flashcards

Lecture 5: Stroke 2 Flashcards

(47 cards)

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1
Q

which gyrus is motor

A

precentral gyrus

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2
Q

which gyrus is sensory

A

post central gyrus

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3
Q

which three ways can the brain show injury

A

decreased loss of consciousness, seizures, and localizing signs ( hemiparesis, hemiplegia, dysphasia, visual disturbances, etc)

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4
Q

common symptoms of acute stroke are usually

A

sudden

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5
Q

what are the most common areas that are affected by stroke

A

face, arm, or leg; brain; eyes; stomach; body; legs

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6
Q

deficits to this part of the brain include: paralysis, inability to sequence a task/plan, eye movements, personality changes, difficulty with prob solving, changes in social behavior, and inability to express language ( Brocas Area)

A

frontal lobe deficits

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7
Q

deficits to this lobe include : inability to name an object, difficulty reading, difficulty with hand eye coordination, difficulty drawing objects, sensory defects, and akinetopsia

A

parietal lobe deficits

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8
Q

what is it called when the image is not continuous but choppy and you get glimpses of images

A

akinetopsia

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9
Q

deficits to this pt of the brain include: trouble recognizing faces, short and longterm memory defects, hearing probs, increased aggressive behavior, visual field defects, trouble understanding spoken words, increased or decreased interest in sexual behavior

A

temporal lobe defects

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10
Q

deficits to this lobe involve visual changes: hemianopia, Quadrantanopsia, visual field defects, color recognition, trouble reading and writing, trouble recognizing drawn objects, diplopia, vertigo, dizziness

A

occipital lobe defects

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11
Q

what are the two types of hemispherical strokes that affect visual field

A

homonymous hemianopsia and hemispatial neglect

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12
Q

what is loss of half the field of vision in each eye

A

homonymous hemianopsia

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13
Q

what is technically not a vision problem, and is the inability to attend to one side of the world

A

hemispatial neglect

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14
Q

what are the side effects of left hemisphere stroke

A

aphasia ( dysarthria - speakinh ), right hemiparesis, right sided sensory loss, right visual field defect, poor right conjugate gaze, trouble reading, writing, or calculatin

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15
Q

what are the side effects of right hemisphere stroke

A

left neglect, defect of L visual field, left hemiparesis, left sided sensory loss, poor L conjugate gaze, dysarthria, spatial disorientation

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16
Q

what is disorder of speech called

A

dysarthria -> imperfect articulation of speech sounds, changes in voice pitch or quality

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17
Q

what is the inability to comprehend, integrate, and express language

A

aphasia-> affects 34-38% of stroke pts , of that 1/2 have resolve on their own

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18
Q

what are the two types of aphasia

A

receptive ( fluent ) and expressive ( non fluent)

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19
Q

what type of aphasia is when someone can internally think what they want to say but it comes out as jibberish

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A

receptive aphasia

20
Q

what type of aphasia is when a person can understand what you are saying but cant answer them properly

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A

expressive aphasia

21
Q

what are common signs of cerebellar stroke

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A

vertigo, HA , vomiting, ataxia ( coordination probs, inability to walk, inability to reach out and grab objects

22
Q

what is the most common stroke area of the cerebellum

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A

posterior inferior cerebellar artery

23
Q

brain stem strokes involves…

Study These Flashcards
A

cranial nuclei and long tracts

24
Q

what usually occurs with cranial nuclei in brain stem strokes

25
what happens with pure motor ( long tracts) in brain stem strokes
weakness of the face and limbs on one side of the body; no higher brain function, sensation, or vision deficits
26
what happens with pure sensory in brain stem strokes
decreased sensation of face and limbs on one side of body; no higher brain function , motor, or vision deficits
27
what is the most common vessel involved with stroke
middle cerebral artery
28
what signs do you check for stroke
Face, Arm, Speech, Time ( FAST)
29
what is the Cincinnati prehospital stroke scale
have pt smile ( facial droop); have pt close eyes and hold arms out ( arm drift ); have pt say ": you cant teach an old dog new tricks ( speech)
30
what test can confirm the dx of stroke and tell whether the stroke is caused by hemorrhage in the brain
CT scan
31
what test can identify and further localize the site of the stroke and find the source
MRI/MRA
32
what can pinpoint the exact location of blockage or bleeding in the brain ; historical gold standard; replaced by CTA/ MRA
Angiography
33
what are the two types of hematomas
subdural and epidural
34
which hematoma is usually due to trauma
subdural
35
which hematoma has a crescent shape in CT scan
subdural
36
which hematoma has a lenticular shape in CT scan
epidural
37
in what type of stroke does the denseness of blood change over time ( gets darker as it goes from acute- subacute- chronic)
hemorrhagic
38
In a CT scan which color represents low blood flow areas
purple
39
which test allows for good soft tissue differentation and we use it to look at the arteries, the downside is its expensive and takes a long time
MRI
40
which test allows for good view of the vessels
MRA
41
what is an effective ischemic stroke tx
tissue plasminogen activator
42
what does tissue plasminogen activator do
IV; dissolves the clot; restores some blood flow; can cause hemorrhaging; must be admin. within 3 hours of symptom onset ( only 1-7 % receive this therapy bc its hard to get people in hospital in 3 hours )
43
what are some hemorrhagic stroke tx
surgery, control of bp, discontinue anticoagulant therapy
44
what is the number one thing we can do to prevent stroke
HTN
45
what is the survival rate of stroke
50%
46
what is the rule of thirds of stroke
1/3 recover with no or minimal disability; 1/3 recover with residual disability; and a 1/3 die
47
what is the human cost of stroke among survivors
some require daily assistance, some need help walking, some live permanently in nursing homes, and some are work impaired

Medical Pathology (11 decks)

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