Vasculitis

Question 1

what is the inflammatory destruction of blood vessels; arteritis ( arteries ) , phlebitis ( veins) ; classified by affected organs and vessels; can be primary or secondary

Answer 1

vasculitis

Question 2

what is the MOA of vasculitis

Answer 2

leukocyte migration

Question 3

palpable purpura is what

Answer 3

raised inflammation of blood vessels ( superficial vessels )

Question 4

how many diff forms of vasculitis are there

Answer 4

over 20

Question 5

what are some symptoms of vasculitis

Answer 5

fever, weight loss, HA, myalgia, arthralgia, ab pain, nose bleeds, palpable purpura, bloody cough, bloody stool, reduced VA * and acute visual loss *

Question 6

what are some complications with vasculitis

Answer 6

stroke( ischemic or hemorrhagic) , MI, HTN, glomerulonephritis, gangrene

Question 7

how can we dx vasculitis

Answer 7

ANCA ( ab directed at cytoplasm of neutrophils), Sed Rate ( ESR), C reactive protein , CBC with differential ( tells specifics ), biopsy, angiography

Question 8

what is tx of vasculitis aimed at

Answer 8

reducing inflammation ; NSAIDS/ Steroids , immunosuppressions

Question 9

what is the most common vasculitis; involves large and medium blood vessels ( ophthalmic artery and posterior ciliary artery) > ischemic optic neuropathy

Answer 9

giant cell arteritis aka temporal arteritis

Question 10

this disorder is more common in females ; ESR and CRP has 97 % specificity; mean age of onset is >55 ; has symptoms of scalp tenderness , jaw claudication, Amaurosis fugax, and polymyalgia rheumatic, more likely to occur in whites

Answer 10

giant cell arteritis

Question 11

giant cells arise from_______

Answer 11

multiple macrophages

Question 12

giant cells are often assoc. with ______

Answer 12

granulomas

Question 13

this is a small and medium blood vessel disease ; mainly in the respiratory tract, kidneys, and joints

Answer 13

granulomatosis with polyangiitis ( GPA)

Question 14

the onset of this disease takes place between ages 40-65; more common in whites; flu like symptoms, ANCA- associ 90%;fatal if untreated within 2 years ( 80% survive with tx) ; some people can develop a saddle bridge nose due to breakdown of cartilage

Answer 14

GPA ( granulamotosis with polyangiitis

Question 15

what are some ocular manifestations of GPA

Answer 15

scleritis and pseudotumor ( diplopia and reduced VA) are the most important

Question 16

this disorder involves medium and small arteries ; rare; more common in men ; flu like symptoms initially

Answer 16

polyarteritis nodosa

Question 17

complications of this disorder include renal failure, GI tract infarct, MI, and peripheral neuropathy; ANCA negative and fatal if untreated

Answer 17

polyarteritis nodosa

Question 18

What are some ocular manifestations of PAN

Answer 18

Scleritis, peripheral ulcerative keratitis, nongranulomatous uveitis, retinal vasculitis, pseudotumor of the orbit, CRAO

Question 19

this type of disorder of vasculitis ( autoimmune ) has a preference for veins ; you get mouth sores, genital sores, skin sores, pain , swelling, stiffness, eye involvement, and CNS HAs, strokes, etc

Answer 19

Behcets Disease

Question 20

this disorder mainly affects middle eastern, Turkish, and Asian populations ; 20-40 YOs and Males> females ; rare but 20% mortality; tx is immunosupression

Answer 20

Behcet’s Disease

Question 21

what are some ocular findings with Behcets

Answer 21

inflammation inside the eye ( uveitis, iritis, retinitis, Vitritis ); blurry vision, pain, and redness, recurrent common

Question 22

what are two tests to confirm Behcets

Answer 22

HLA B51 and Behcetine pathergy test

Question 23

what is the ocular triad of Behcets

Answer 23

iritis with hypopyon, mouth sores, and genital sores