Lecture 6

Question 1

What percentage of the earths water is fresh?

Answer 1

3

Question 2

What are four properties of water?

Answer 2

Polar molecule
High specific heat capacity
Universal solvent
Ice is less dense then water

Question 3

True or false

Most of the hydrological process occurs over the ocean

Answer 3

True

Question 4

What percentage of solar radiation is used for evaporation and condensation? Latent heat exchange

Answer 4

23

Question 5

Ground water and glacier systems are a source of ….

Answer 5

Fresh water

Question 6

Both ground water and glacial stores water _________.

Answer 6

Long term

Question 7

Define precipitation.

Answer 7

Solid or liquid water that forms under saturated conditions and falls to earth

Question 8

True or false

Most clouds produce rain

Answer 8

False

Question 9

What is dew point?

Answer 9

When a cloud has reached 100% saturation

Question 10

What is the dry adiabetic lapse rate?

Answer 10

-10 degrees Celsius per km

Question 11

What percentage of water covers the earths planet?

Answer 11

71

Question 12

What is relative humidity?

Answer 12

The amount of humidity in the air.

Question 13

What percent relative humidity will be required to achieve dew point?

Answer 13

100%

Question 14

What is Orographic uplift?

Answer 14

Air being forced to rise over elevated land or mountain

Question 15

What is adiabetic lapse rate?

Answer 15

The change in temperature of air with altitude without the addition or removal of heat.

Question 16

What is the difference between the dry adiabetic lapse rate (DALR) and the moist adiabetic lapse rate (MALR).

Answer 16

Moisture content of the air
Dry is -10degC/km
Moist is -6degC/km

Question 17

What is the environmental lapse rate (ELR)?

Answer 17

-6.5degC/km

Question 18

When does condensation occur?

Answer 18

At dew point temperature

Question 19

What side of a mountain will have more saturated clouds?

Answer 19

Windward side

Question 20

What phenomena does the leeward side of a mountain experience?

Answer 20

Rain shadow effect

Question 21

What does descending air from the atmosphere do?

Answer 21

Warm and condense due to gravity/atmospheric pressure.

Question 22

What is frontal precipitation?

Answer 22

Precipitation formed by movement of different air masses.
Cold front
Warm front
Occluded front

Question 23

_______ air rises over ______.

Answer 23

Warm, cool

Question 24

What type of front will have a steep adiabetic lapse rate?

Answer 24

Cold front

Question 25

Define convergent instability.

Answer 25

Air masses merging causing lifting over short distances

Question 26

Define convective instability.

Answer 26

Unequal surface heating causes localized instability and a rise of air masses followed by cooling and condensing.

Question 27

What are the 6 forms of precipitation?

Answer 27

``` Rain Freezing rain Sleet Snow Graupel Hail ```

Question 28

Both freezing rain an sleet require a _______ inversion.

Answer 28

Temperature

Question 29

Where is most precipitation deposited?

Answer 29

Around the equator

Question 30

Define residence time.

Answer 30

Time for molecules to move through a component of a hydrological system

Question 31

Larger components of water have __________ residence times

Answer 31

Larger

Question 32

True or false | Water is a renewable resource.

Answer 32

False, it cannot be renewed in a human lifetime | True, it is renewable in quality and quantity.

Question 33

Name three factors effecting quality and quantity of water, describe them.

Answer 33

Climate: local water budgets Geology: substrate topography groundwater Land use: recharge infiltration withdrawal storage contamination