Lecture 6 - Sugar

Question 1

sugar plant

Answer 1

• Saccharum officianle

- Saccharum edule - india

Question 2

Sugar origin and travel

Answer 2

-began in Papau New Guinea - domesticated around 8000 BCE (10,000 years ago)
-moved to india then persia (500 CE)
700-1000 CE moved around Mediterranean by islams
-christians had crusades and invaded cyrpus to become growers of sugar as they took over part islams had

Question 3

New world sugar harvest

Answer 3

-Chris Columbus takes sugar to Hispaniola - modern day Dominican Republic and Haiti
-first harvest is in 1501
by 1520, hundreds of sugar mills in new world, used in hot drinks as it was more convenient than hot drinks

Question 4

European sugar refineries

Answer 4

sugar at this point was no longer a luxury

• new products : jams, confectionary, candy, cake
• molasses as by product and used to produce rum which replaced gin

Question 5

Hispaniola and sugar

Answer 5

• french pirates based in western and northern coasts of hispaniola
• part of hispaniola (spanish) colony becomes french due to pirates

Question 6

Trade triangles

Answer 6

• goods manufactured in europe
• shipped to africa and exchanged for slavves
• shipped to caribbean colony - free labour

Question 7

slaves in saint domingue

Answer 7

• lives were short
• colony required 40,000 new / replacement slaves per year
• 1789 French revolution which created declaration of rights of man passed but slaves werent considered equal

Question 8

august 21 1791

Answer 8

slaves revolted and killed 40,000 whites and burnt cane fields
-destroyed 180 sugar plantations

Question 9

Battle of Vertieres

Answer 9

• rebel army (16000 soldiers) win and haiti was founded in 1804
• only slave rebellion in history of world to establish a free and independent nation