Lecture 7-10 Flashcards
(638 cards)
What is aphasia?
a language disability which occurs some time after an individual has completely developed competent language skills
How does aphasia present itself?
from neurological damage to the language-dominant hemisphere (major hemisphere), usually the left
What includes disturbances of receptive and/or expressive skills, verbally or in written language (and in sign language)
aphasia
What are the three causes of aphasia?
degenerative diseases, TBI (traumatic brain injury(, and
CVAs (cerebrovascular accidents)
What are the two types of ischemic strokes in cerebrovascular accidents/heart attacks?
thrombosis and embolism
What are blood vessel ruptures and blood pools in the cranial cavity referred to as?
hemorrhagic strokes (usually of the middle cerebral artery)
What are dementias such as Alzheimer’s, MIDs, and PIck’s disease examles of?
degenerative diseases
What are MVAs and tumors examples of?
traumatic brain injury
Language disability is often accompanied by other cognitive challenges e.g., judgment issues, more generalized memory difficulties, in
traumatic brain injuries
What is a missing uncontrollable factor for CVAs?
- age (most strokes occur after age 65)
- gender
- ethnic group
- family history
- prior stroke
What is a missing controllable factor for CVAs?
- hypertension
- high cholesterol/heart disease
- diabetes
- smoking
- alcohol use
- oral contraceptives
- lack of exercise
- obesity
What is the missing syndrome for fluent aphasias?
- transcortical sensory aphasia
- conduction aphasia
Wernicke’s aphasia
What is the missing syndrome for non-fluent aphasias?
- transcortical motor aphasia
- global aphasia
Broca’s aphasia
What is the missing syndrome for anomic aphasia?
- all other syndromes tend to resolve to anomic aphasia
primary feature is dysnomia
Where are non-fluent aphasias associated with?
areas in the frontal cortex, Broca’s area
Where are fluent aphasias associated with?
areas in the posterior cortices, closer to Wernicke’s area
Where is Transcortical Sensory Aphasia affected?
parietal lobe and occipital lobe
Where is Anomic Aphasia impacted?
parietal lobe
Where is Conduction Aphasia immpacted?
temporal lobe
Where is Global Aphasia impacted?
anterior temporal lobe (close to Broca’s area)
Where is Broca’s aphasia impacted?
frontal lobe (Broca’s area)
Where is Transcortical motor aphasia impacted?
frontal lobe
Where is Wernicke’s aphasia impacted?
temporal lobe (posterior portion of left hemisphere)
What is Wernicke’s aphasia associated with?
fluent, meaningless speech and jargon; dysnomia