Flashcards in Week 2 Deck (77)
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1
What does the brain do for language?
it facilitates comprehension and expression
the neural base for speech production
2
What does the respiratory and phonatory system do for language?
it's the power source
3
What does the articulatory and resonance systems do for language?
it shapes sounds into consonants and vowels
4
What does the auditory system do for languag?
it facilitates reception and perception of sounds
5
What is the diaphragm?
a part of the respiratory system that powers the lungs
6
What is the trachea?
it's the entrance to the tube to the lungs
7
What are the intercostal muscles?
they probably work with the diaphragm for contraction and dilation of the lungs
8
What is the glottis?
the closure to the lungs that enables the phonotory system go to the oral and/or nasal cavities
9
What occurs during breathing at rest?
inspiration/expiration cycles are even
10
What occurs during breathing for speech?
short inspiration/prlonged expiration as well as postural support
11
What is the structure of the larynx composed of (top to bottom)?
epiglottis
hyoid bone
thyroid cartilage (shield)
cricoid cartilage (ring)
arytenoids (pyramid-shaped)
epiglottis (leaf)
tracheal rings
12
What cranial nerve supplies the larynx?
the vague nerve (10th)
13
How does the posterior view of the larynx differ from the anterior view?
the posterior view shows the epiglottis in full-view, like a balloon at the top
14
What are the arytenoid cartilages shaped as?
pyramids
15
What shape is the cricoid cartilage?
a ring
16
What is the lateral view of the larynx?
the hyoid bone at the top swoops on one side, and underneath is the thyro-hyoid muscle/membrane, followed by the thyroid cartilage, cricoid cartilage, which alternates with tracheal rings
17
What does the larynx do?
protects the airway, provides trunk stabilisation/pressure, and is the source of the voice!
18
What are the intrinsic muscles of the larynx?
adductors (close the glottis)
abductors (open the glottis)
19
What are the extrinsic muscles of the larynx?
strap muscles
holds the larynx in position suspended from the hyoid bone (allows for lift and descent in the neck)
20
What is the myoelastic-aerodynamic theory of voice production?
Bernoulli effect + pitch + volume
21
What is the Bernoulli effect?
air moving at a high speed has a reduced pressure, which pulls the vocal cords together
22
What is pitch?
the fundamental frequency (cps or Hz), determined by mass, tension, and elasticity of vocal fold
23
How is volume determined in voice production?
the volume of subglottal air pressure
24
What is resonance of vocal tract?
similar to a musical instrument
25
What are characteristics of vocal folds?
mass, elasticity, and smoothness
26
What determines resonance?
fundamental frequency/harmonics in the larynx and the resonance/formants through the pharynx, oral cavity (and potentiallyl nasal cavity)
27
What are parts of the mouth associated with resonance?
the soft palate, tonsils, uvula, and tongue
28
What are the muscles of the tongue comprised of?
intrinsic muscles - shape of tongue
extrinsic muscles - moves the tongue
29
What is the nerve supply for the tongue?
the hypoglossal nerve as well as the glossopharyngeal, facial, and vagus cranial nerves (12, 11, 7, 10)
30
