Lecture 7 Flashcards
(22 cards)
What does glutamate do?
Open ligand gated Na+ channels
What does GABA do?
Binds to ligand gated Cl- channels, is inhibitory
What is the cortical-spinal tract?
Neurons with the cell body in the cerebral cortex that synapse onto the ventral horn neurons, affect motor and somatosensory cortex and regulates small distal movements
What is the rubro-spinal tract?
Neurons with the cell body in the red nucleus (mid brain) that synapse on ventral horn neurons, regulate posture and larger movements
What is the cerebral cortex?
Motor cortex, supplementary motor area, frontal eye fields, and somatosensory cortex, contralateral injuries
What is the cerebellum?
Coordination of movements, alcohol affects it
What is the basal ganglion?
Regulates initiation of movements
What is the motor thalamus?
Gateway for the interactions between the cerebral cortex, cerebellum, and basal ganglion
What is the substantia nigra?
Ventral to basal ganglion, initiation of movements
What is the red nucleus?
sends axons directly down spinal cord
What is asynergia?
loss of coordinated movements
What is chorea?
involuntary writhing movement, most common lethal form is Huntingtons
What is ballismus?
Ballistic movements where an arm or leg will suddenly shoot out
What is dystonia and what different forms are there?
Abnormal hyperkinetic movements, twisting repetitive movements. There is focal (restricted region of the body), segmented (a few adjacent body parts), and generalized (incorporate lower body and other body part).
What is a tic?
Brief, sudden, stereotyped movement
What is tourettes?
tics and vocalization, crude expressions
What is Jumping Frenchmen of Maine?
extreme startles
What are the different types of tremors?
Tremors at rest (involuntary movement before actual movement), and during movement tremors
What is Parkinson’s?
A motor disease that has 4 cardinal symptoms. Tremor at rest, rigidity, bradykinesea (slowness/inability to initiate movement), and postural deficits
What classification is the basal ganglion input and outputs?
Inputs are excitatory/modulatory and outputs are inhibitory
Basics of basal ganglion
Use dopamine, norepinephrine, and serotonin, many loops, and is interconnected with all parts of the cerebral cortex
What is the treatment for Parkinsons?
not enough dopamine in the substantia nigra that will regulate the activities of the cells
