Lecture 8: Ocular Diseases Flashcards

Question

how do you treat entropion/ectropion

Answer 1

surgical correction

Answer 2

Defect in the corneal epithelium | Frequent if dogs and cats

Answer 3

``` Infection Trauma Foreign body Entropion KCS ```

Answer 4

Pain: squinting, epiphora, prominent thrid eyelid, pawing at eye Visual defect in cornea Clouding of the eye Conjunctivitis

Answer 5

History & Eye exam | Fluorescein eye stain

Answer 6

``` Removal of cause Control of inflammation Pain reduction Antibiotics E-Collar Serum Corneal graft ```

Answer 7

Progressive, bilateral, inflammatory condition of the cornea

Answer 8

``` Genetic predisposition (German shepherds Labradors retrievers Border collies Greyhounds) Probably immune-mediated UV radiations Altitude ```

Answer 9

White, pink or brown pigmentation, vascularization & opacification Starting at OUTSIDE edge of cornea and working inwards Will affect signt Usually causes discomfort

Answer 10

Diagnosis | History & clinical signs

Answer 11

``` Earlier treatment = better prognosis No cure, can be managed medically Corticosteroids (topical, injections) Lifelong Reduce exposure to UV ```

Answer 12

Tear (aqueous) deficiency | Most common cause of conjunctivitis in dogs, rare in cats

Answer 13

``` Causes: Autoimmune Drug therapy Distemper Genetic ```

Answer 14

``` Clinical signs: Conjunctivitis Chronic muco-purulent discharge Corneal ulceration Scarring Pain/discomfort (rubbing) ``` Depends on severity of disease (amount of tears produced)

Answer 15

History and Eye exam Schirmer tear test Normal: 18-24 mm KCS

Answer 16

Treatment Eye lubrification Immune suppressive drugs Need to verify the presence of corneal ulcer before treatment

Answer 17

Inflammation of the anterior chamber of the eye Iris Ciliary body Common in dogs and cats

Answer 18

``` Systemic diseases Trauma Irritants Cataract Neoplasia Idiopathic ```

Answer 19

``` Eye appears cloudy Increase in proteins in anterior chamber Inflammation of cornea Painful Miosis Decrease IOP (intra-ocular pressure) Photophobia Blepharospasm ```

Answer 20

History, Signs, Eye exam Ophthalmoscope exam IOP measurement (very important why?) Fluorescein

Answer 21

Fast and aggressive treatment is crucial! prevent glaucoma, scarring of the uveal structures, and possibly blindness Close monitoring of treatment ``` Remove initiating cause Reduce inflammation (NSAIDS, Steroids) +/- antibiotics Atropine Dilates the pupil and helps prevent scarring of the iris Reduces pain ***Contraindicated if glaucoma Prognosis depends on cause Treatment can be life-long ```

Answer 22

Opacity of the lens that causes blurry vision Most common in dogs Can be young or adult onset

Answer 23

``` Causes: Age Genetics Radiation Trauma Inflammation Systemic disease (DM) ```

Answer 24

Affects the lens Normal change Mild vision impairment Can see retina

Answer 25

Affects the lens Abnormal change More severe impairment Cannot see to retina

Answer 26

``` Diagnosis: History Rapid onset in young dogs Ophthalmic exam May require dilation (what to check before?) ```

Answer 27

Surgical removal Steroids if inflammation Atropine

Answer 28

``` Genetic disorder in which the retina atrophies and the animal goes blind Affects cats and dogs Bilateral condition Non-painful Early onset, progressive ```

Answer 29

Dilated pupils (glow or shine of the eye) Night blindness at first, then complete blindness Owners may notice more since quicker onset than old dogs Disorientation Fear of dark rooms Getting lost Cataract formation common in later stages

Answer 30

Needs exam by ophthalmologist | Change in retina blood vessel pattern, optic nerve, etc

Answer 31

None | Client education! Not painful!

Lecture 8: Ocular Diseases Flashcards

(55 cards)