Lecture 8 (Theme 5) Flashcards
(18 cards)
What three factors of anxiety decide if it is pathological? And the 4D’s
- Intensity
- Duration
- Pervasiveness
- Dangerousness, Deviance, Distress, dysfunction.
What are child (3) and environmental (4) factors in anxiety disorders
- Child risk factors: Genetic predisposition, Temperament and cognition.
- Environmental: Attachment, Education, parental style and negative life events.
Difference between fear and anxiety
- Fear is an emotional response to a real and perceived immediate threat.
- Anxiety is the anticipation of a future threat.
Epidoemiology of Anxiety Disorder: Prevalence, percentage of people with mental disorder who have an AD, gender, onset, development.
- 4% prevalence of population
- 31% of people with mental disorder have AD
- 1.66x more prevalent in women
- early onset
- It increases and decreases over time
7 DSM-V anxiety disorders: Preschool (1), Elementary school (2), Adolescence (2), Adulthood (2).
Pre-school
- Selective Mutism (earliest)
Elementary school
- Separation Anxiety Disorder (e.g., parents leaving)
Specific Phobia
Adolescence
Social Anxiety Disorder
Generalized Anxiety Disorders
(Early) adulthood
Panic Disorder
Agoraphobia
Separation Anxiety Disorder diagnosis. What is an age diagnosis criterium and what are 3 symptoms
- Normal at a very early age, but not if you do not outgrow it (3+ years old criterium)
- There is an excessive worry that something happens to the caregiver
- and you refuse to be separated from them.
- It could lead to physical complaints when not in close proximity to caregiver.
Selective mutism disorder definition and one diagnosis criterium (length) and common comorbidity anxiety disorder
- Child refuses to speak in some situations (but can speak in other situations)
- It has to last 1+ Month and not because of the first moth of school.
- Often comorbidity with Social Anxiety Disorder
Specific Phobia definition, definition criterion (length) and how is the interaction with the feared thing?
- Intense and out of proportion fear/anxiety for Object or Situation.
- It lasts 6+ Months
- It is actively Avoided or endured with intense fear.
5 categories of specific phobia. How many people have 2 phobia’s?
- Animals
- Natural Environments
- Blood-Injection Injury
- Situational (flying, elevator)
- Other (clowns etcetera)
- 75% of people with one phobia have more phobias too.
Generalised Anxiety Disorder definition, length criterium, symptom criterium. Difference with Normal worry
- Out of proportion worry about several realistic things going on in their lives.
- 6+ Months.
- Needs to have 3+ other physical symptoms like difficulty sleeping, irritability etcetare.
- Normal worry is easier to control and only focused on 1 aspect of life.
Social Anxiety Disorder 3 characteristics. Length Criterium
- Fear of social situation where you could be watched.
- You fear you might be negatively evaluated because of your anxiety symptoms (self-fulfilling prophecy)
- So you avoid or endure them with intense fear.
- 6+ months
Panic Disorder, definition, consequence. What is a panic attack?
- Frequent and unexpected panic attacks (other disorders have more expected panic attacks)
- Followed by 1+ Month of fear of another attack or the consequences.
- Panic Attack is an abrupt surge in anxiety with a peak within 10 minutes after which it reduces again.
Agoraphobia, anxiety in what 5 situations?
- Public transport
- Open spaces
- Enclosed Spaces
- Standing in line or being in a crowd
- Being outside of home alone
OCD: behavior, minimal time consumption, insights.
- Obsessions or compulsions (or both). Compulsions are responses to obsessions (to neutralise the thoughts/fears)
- Minimal 1 hour per day
- varying degree of insight into irrationality
(checking is the most common compulsion)
CBT for Anxiety Disorders (2)
- CBT is most common treatment
1. Teaching patient that your thoughts, behaviors and emotions impact each other
2. Changing the thoughts/behaviors can improve the emotions.
Is trauma the event or the consequent of the event. And what is trauma? Do you need to be actively involved in the trauma? What is the prevalence of traumatic events experienced by people, what percent gets PTSD.
- Trauma is the event itself
- The event involves Death/injury or Threatened Death/injury or sexual violation.
- It can also be that you only observe the event.
- it is even possible that you only see it (like details of trauma as a professional)
- Most people experience a traumatic event somewhere in their lives.(30% of heavy trauma-exposed people get PTSD or depression)
What is Criterion B, C, D and E of PTSD? How many symptoms needed for diagnosis
B: (1+ symptom) The Traumatic Event is re-experienced.
- This could be in several forms: flashbacks, nightmares, distress after reminders.
C: (1+ symptom) Avoidance of trauma-related stimuli, both thoughts and stimuli are avoided.
D: (2+ symptoms) Negative Thoughts or feelings that began/increased due to trauma.
- This could be in several ways: not recalling features of trauma, negative affect, feeling isolated.
E: (2+ symptoms) Trauma-related Arousal and Reactivity
- This could be in several ways: difficulty sleeping, irritability, hypervigilance.
What are 3 types of risk factors for PTSD, with examples
- Pretrauma (genetics, gender, age, intelligence, SES, pior trauma)
- Peritrauma (perceived threat, interpretation, dissociation during event, anger/shame)
- Posttrauma (social support, coping, interpretation, new life events)
