Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

BIO 30 > Lecture 9 > Flashcards

Lecture 9 Flashcards

(59 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

change in the genetic material that is heritable and permanent

A

Mutation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

chnage involving the whole genome or entire sent of chromosomes
-multiplication of one or more genome

A

euploidy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

-also referred to as basic chromosome number
-complete set of chromosomes or genes from male or female parent

A

Genome (X)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

genome is represented by __________ (uppercase or loweracase) letters

A

uppercase/capital
example: AA, AABBDD, AAB

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

in the case of true diploid, X is equal to ________

A

n = haploid no.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

if you have 24 chromosomes in a dipload 2N = 24 , you will have _ bivalents, _ from the mother, _ from the father

A

12

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

in 24 chromosomes, how many bivalents are in diakinesis or metaphase I?

A

12

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

in 24 chromosomes, how many univalents are in anaphase I per pole

A

12 univalents per pole

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

in 24 chromosomes, how many univalents are in telophase I per pole

A

12 univalents per pole (fertile gamete)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

how many sets of chromosomes are there in monoploid

A

1 (X)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

how many sets of chromosomes are there in polyploid

A

Three-Six (3X-6X)
-more than two sets of genome in an individual

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

the basic genome being multiplied is identical

A

autopolypoid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

the basic genome being multiplied is not identical

A

allopolyploid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

if you have a diploid invididual of 2X, how many bivalents are there?

A

4
2X (1,2,3,4)
(1,2,3,4)
-2 sets of chromosome, 4 bivalents because first chromosome will be paired to first, and so on and so forth
2n=8 (Chromsome number = 8)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

if you have a autotriploid invididual (AAA) 3x, how many bivalents and chromosome number?

A

4 TRIVALENTS

1,2,3,4
1,2,3,4
1,2,3,4

3 sets of chromosome, 4 trivalents because first chromsome will be paired to first, and so on and so forth
2n = 12 (Chromosome number = 12)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

if you have a autotetraploid, (AAAA) 4x, how many bivalents and chromosome number?

A

4 QUADRIVALENTS

1,2,3,4
1,2,3,4
1,2,3,4
1,2,3,4

4 sets of chromosome or 4 genome, 4 QUADRIVALENTS
because first chromsome will be paired to first, and so on and so forth
2n = 16 (Chrosome number = 16)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

if you have a allotetraplod, (AABB) 4x, how many bivalents and chromosome number?

A

4 QUADRIVALENTS PER SET (2 SETS)
(1,2,3,4) (5,6,7,8)
(1,2,3,4) (5,6,7,8)
4II 4II

4 sets of chromosome or 4 genome but INTO TWO SETS, 4 QUADRIVALENTS PER SET
because first chromsome will be paired to first, and so on and so forth
Chromosome Config: 8II
2n = 16 (Chrosome number = 16)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

if you have an allohexaploid, (AABBDD) 6x, how many bivalents and chromosome number?

A

4 QUADRIVALENTS PER SET (3 SETS)
(1,2,3,4) (5,6,7,8) (9,10,11,12)
(1,2,3,4) (5,6,7,8) (9,10,11,12)
4II 4II 4II

6 sets of chromosome or 6 genome but INTO THREE SETS, 4 QUADRIVALENTS PER SET
because first chromsome will be paired to first, and so on and so forth
Chromosome Config: 12II
2n = 16 (Chrosome number = 24)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

term used to refer to fertile individuals

A

amphidiploid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

doubling of chromosome allows for univalents to become

A

bivalents
Example:
AB
chromsome doubling
= AA BB

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

if the offspring or the generation is _____ you cannot breed or it cannot pass genes anymore

A

sterile

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

it is not possible or it is difficult to combine genomes of different ____________

A

origin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

a type of segregation in autotetraploids where genes are close to the centromere
-you have to put the alleles in figure to find the gametes assign

A

random chromosome type segregation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

a type of segregation in autotetraploids where genes are far from the centromere
-you use the GAMETIC series in figure to find the gametes assign

Study These Flashcards
A

random chromatid type segregation

25
multiplication of one or more genome
euploidy
26
addition or subtraction of one or more chromosomes
aneuploidy
27
addition of one chromosome in the genome
trisonic (2n+1)
28
addition of two chromosomes in the genome wherein two chromosomes are different from one another
double trisonic (2n+1+1)
29
addition of two chromosomes in the genome wherein two chromosomes are same from one another
tetrasonic (2n+2)
30
univalent = 1 chromosome bivalent = 2 chromosomes (para di ka lang malito) therefore 1III + 3II 3 + 6 chromosome no. = ?
9
31
subtraction of two chromosomes in the genome wherein two chromosomes are same from one another
nullisomic (2n-2)
32
subtraction of two chromosomes in the genome wherein two chromosomes are different from one another
double monosomic (2n-1-1)
33
subtraction of a chromosome in the genome
monosomic (2n-1)
34
a type of structural aberration which involves missing of chromosome segment
deletion
35
a type of structural aberration which involves repeated chromosome segment
duplication
36
a type of structural aberration which involves exchange of chromosome segments involving non homologous chromosomes
translocation
37
a type of structural aberration which involves the insertion of chromosome segment in a different order
inversion
38
what happens when structural aberration is homozygous
the two chromosomes in homologous pair are affected
39
what happens when structural aberration is heterozygous
-only one of the chromosomes in the homologous pair is affected (structural hybrids)
40
in homozygous for duplication, segments will be duplicated in ________ (both, one) homologue or chromosome
both
41
in heterozygous for duplication, segments will be duplicated in ________ (both, one) homologue or chromosome
one only
42
a type of inversion in structural aberration where the centromere is not included in the inverted segment
paracentric inversion
43
a type of inversion in structural aberration where the centromere is included in the inverted segment
pericentric inverstion
44
homozygous inversion, is there still pairing? yes or no what case is the different from this?
yes; you won't have pairing if it is heterozygous inversion in the case of paracentric version; pairing will be disrupted because each of the segments won't be able to find its exact pair
45
what fragments are formed for heterozygous for paracentric inversion
bridge and acentric fragment
46
what is the result of heterozygous for reciprocal translocation
formation of a quadrivalents which lead to a ring or chain
47
rings and chains would result to duplication and deletion thus producing _______ gametes
sterile
48
alternate or zigzag configuration segregation won't have duplication and deletion thus producing _______ gametes
fertile
49
gens that increase the rates of mutation
mutator genes
50
What does treffers mutator gene does in E.coli
change A-T to C-G during replication
51
genes that can move and insert itself into the gene -it knocks out the gene and make it lose its function makes it inactivated
transposons or jumping genes or mobile genetic elements
52
credited for the revertible mutants in corn
Barba Mc Clintock
53
two genes in Ac-Ds system by Mc Clintock that works together or coexist with one another which transpose the location of gene C (COLOR) anthocynanin
Ac - encodes a transposase Ds - suprresor of color formation
54
If there is no transposition occuring (Ac-Ds remains) what color is the corn
purple kernel
55
If there is transposition occuring (Ac-Ds will not remain where Ac-Ds transposed into C) what color is the corn
white kernel
56
process where there is a change in a single nucleotide or few adjacent molecules
gene mutation or point mutation
57
a type of gene or point mutation which involves transition (purine being substituded by purine and pyrimidine substituted by pyrimidine) and transversion (purine substituted by pyrimidine, pyrimidine substituted by purine)
base pair substitution
58
three types of amino acid substituion in point mutations
nonsense same sense missense
59
a type of gene or point mutation which involves transition which involve insertion or deletion of a base and make changes in the reading frame
frameshift mutation

BIO 30 (9 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions