Lecture Exam 1 Chapter 2 Biochemistry

Question 1

biochemistry

Answer 1

the study of the molecules that compose living organisms

Question 2

the study of the molecules that compose living organisms

Answer 2

biochemistry

Question 3

element

Answer 3

simplest form of matter to have unique chemical properties

Question 4

simplest form of matter to have unique chemical properties

Answer 4

element

Question 5

6 main elements in the body

Answer 5

oxygen, carbon, hydrogen, nirogen, calcium, & phosphorus

Question 6

oxygen, carbon, hydrogen, nirogen, calcium, & phosphorus

Answer 6

6 main elements in the body

Question 7

minerals

Answer 7

inorganic elements extracted from soil by plants and passed through food chain to humans

ex. soduim, potasium

Question 8

inorganic elements extracted from soil by plants and passed through food chain to humans

ex. soduim, potasium

Answer 8

minerals

Question 9

electrolytes

Answer 9

mineral salts needed for nerve & muscle function

Question 10

mineral salts needed for nerve & muscle function

Answer 10

electrolytes

Question 11

planetary model

Answer 11

nucleus at the center surrounded by shells with varrying electrons

Question 12

nucleus at the center surrounded by shells with varrying electrons

Answer 12

planetary model

Question 13

atomic mass/weight is equal to the number of ? & ?

Answer 13

protons & nutrons

Question 14

valence electons

Answer 14

orbit the outer most shell & determine chemical bonding properties of an atom

Question 15

orbit the outer most shell & determine chemical bonding properties of an atom

Answer 15

valence electons

Question 16

isotopes

Answer 16

varieties of an element that differ only in the number of neutrons

Question 17

varieties of an element that differ only in the number of neutrons

Answer 17

isotopes

Question 18

radioisotopes

Answer 18

unstable isotopes that decay & give off radiation

Question 19

unstable isotopes that decay & give off radiation

Answer 19

radioisotopes

Question 20

ionizing

Answer 20

intense radiation ejects electrons, destroys molecules, and creates free radicals that can cause genetic mutations and cancer

Question 21

intense radiation ejects electrons, destroys molecules, and creates free radicals that can cause genetic mutations and cancer

Answer 21

ionizing

Question 22

physical half life of radioisotopes

Answer 22

time required for 50% decay to a stable state

Question 23

biological half life of radioisotopes

Answer 23

time required for 50% to dissapear from the body

Question 24

time required for 50% decay to a stable state

Answer 24

physical half life of radioisotopes

Question 25

time required for 50% to dissapear from the body

Answer 25

biological half life of radioisotopes

Question 26

ion

Answer 26

charged particle (atom or molecule) with unequal number of protons & electrons

Question 27

charged particle (atom or molecule) with unequal number of protons & electrons

Answer 27

ion

Question 28

anion

Answer 28

particle that gains electon(s) & net a negative charge

Question 29

particle that gains electon(s) & net a negative charge

Answer 29

anion

Question 30

cation

Answer 30

particle that looses electon(s) & net a positive charge

Question 31

particle that looses electon(s) & net a positive charge

Answer 31

cation

Question 32

molecule

Answer 32

Chemical particle composed of two or more atoms

Question 33

Chemical particle composed of two or more atoms

Answer 33

molecule

Question 34

compound

Answer 34

molecule composed of two or more different elements

Question 35

molecule composed of two or more different elements

Answer 35

compound

Question 36

molecular formula

Answer 36

identifies constituent elements & how many atoms of each or present

Question 37

identifies constituent elements & how many atoms of each or present

Answer 37

molecular formula

Question 38

structual formula

Answer 38

identifies location of each atom

Question 39

identifies location of each atom

Answer 39

structural formula

Question 40

isomers

Answer 40

molecules with identical molecular formula but different arrangement of their atoms

Question 41

molecules with identical molecular formula but different arrangement of their atoms

Answer 41

isomers

Question 42

4 most important chemical bonds

Answer 42

ionic bonds covalent bonds hydrogen bonds van der wall forces

Question 43

ionic bonds

Answer 43

attraction between anions & cations (ex.NaCl) electrons donated from one aton to another easily broken by water

Question 44

attraction between anions & cations (ex.NaCl) electrons donated from one aton to another easily broken by water

Answer 44

ionic bonds

Question 45

covalent bonds

Answer 45

simple (one pair) double (more than one pair)

Question 46

nonpolar bond

Answer 46

electrons shared equally (stongest bond)

Question 47

electrons shared equally (stongest bond)

Answer 47

nonpolar bond

Question 48

polar bond

Answer 48

electrons shared unequally (spend more time near oxygen ex. H₂O)

Question 49

electrons shared unequally (spend more time near oxygen ex. H₂O)

Answer 49

polar bond

Question 50

hydrogen bond

Answer 50

weak attraction between a positive hydrogen aton in one molecule & a negative oxygen or nitrogen atom in another

Question 51

weak attraction between a positive hydrogen atom in one molecule & a negative oxygen or nitrogen atom in another

Answer 51

hydrogen bond

Question 52

mixtures

Answer 52

physically connected but not chemically combined

Question 53

physically connected but not chemically combined

Answer 53

mixtures

Question 54

solvency

Answer 54

ability to dissolve other chemicals

Question 55

ability to dissolve other chemicals

Answer 55

solvency

Question 56

water is the universal ?

Answer 56

solvent

Question 57

hydrophilic

Answer 57

substances that dissolve in water molecules must be polarized or charged

Question 58

substances that dissolve in water molecules must be polarized or charged

Answer 58

hydrophilic

Question 59

hydrophobic

Answer 59

substances that do not dissolve in water molecules re nonpolar or neutral

Question 60

substances that do not dissolve in water molecules are nonpolar or neutral

Answer 60

hydrophobic

Question 61

metabolic reactions depend on ?

Answer 61

solvency of water

Question 62

solution

Answer 62

solute mixed with solvent

Question 63

solute mixed with solvent

Answer 63

solution

Question 64

solute

Answer 64

smaller particles in a solution

Question 65

smaller particles in a solution

Answer 65

solute

Question 66

solvent

Answer 66

more abundant substance in a solution

Question 67

more abundant substance in a solution

Answer 67

solvent

Question 68

salt water which is the solute and which is the solvent

Answer 68

salt is solute water is solvent

Question 69

solute can be a ? , ?, or ?

Answer 69

gas, solid, or liquid

Question 70

solutions are defined by these 4 properties

Answer 70

solute particles under 1 nm solute particles do not scatter light will pass through most membranes will not separate if left untouched

Question 71

colloid

Answer 71

dissolved but you can see the particles ex. milk

Question 72

dissolved but you can see the particles ex. milk

Answer 72

colloid

Question 73

suspension

Answer 73

particles settle when left untoched ex. blood

Question 74

particles settle when left untoched ex. blood

Answer 74

suspension

Question 75

colloids are defined by these 4 properties

Answer 75

particles range from 1-100 nm scatters light / usually cloudy particles too large to pass through semipermeable membrane particles remain permanetly mixed when left untoched

Question 76

particles range from 1-100 nm scatters light / usually cloudy particles too large to pass through semipermeable membrane particles remain permanetly mixed when left untoched

Answer 76

colloids

Question 77

solute particles under 1 nm solute particles do not scatter light will pass through most membranes will not separate if left untouched

Answer 77

sollutions

Question 78

suspension defined by these 4 properties

Answer 78

particles exceed 100nm too large to pass through selectively permeable membranes cloudy/opaque apperance separated when left untoched

Question 79

particles exceed 100nm too large to pass through selectively permeable membranes cloudy/opaque apperance separated when left untoched

Answer 79

suspension

Question 80

acid

Answer 80

proton donor releases H⁺ ions in water

Question 81

proton donor releases H⁺ ions in water

Answer 81

acid

Question 82

base

Answer 82

a proton acceptor accepts H⁺ ions

Question 83

a proton acceptor accepts H⁺ ions

Answer 83

base

Question 84

pH

Answer 84

0-6 is acidic 7 is neutral 8-14 is basic

Question 85

0-6 is acidic 7 is neutral 8-14 is basic

Answer 85

pH

Question 86

buffers

Answer 86

chemical solutions that resist changes in pH maintaining normal (slightly basic) pH of blood is crucial for physioloical functions

Question 87

chemical solutions that resist changes in pH maintaining normal (slightly basic) pH of blood is crucial for physioloical functions

Answer 87

buffers