Lecture Exam 1 Chapter 2 cont... Flashcards
1
Q
organic chemistry
A
the study of compounds containing carbon
2
Q
the study of compounds containing carbon
A
organic chemistry
3
Q
4 catagories of carbon compounds
A
carbohydrates (sugars)
lipids (fats & oils)
proteins
nucleic acids
4
Q
carbohydrates (sugars)
lipids (fats & oils)
proteins
nucleic acids
A
4 catagories of carbon compounds
5
Q
hydrophilic
A
attracted to water (sugars & starches)
6
Q
attracted to water (sugars & starches)
A
hydrophilic
7
Q
hydrophobic
A
not attracted to water (fats)
8
Q
not attracted to water (fats)
A
hydrophobic
9
Q
3 monosaccharides
A
glucose
glactose
fructose
10
Q
glucose
glactose
fructose
A
3 monosaccharides
11
Q
glucose is a blood sugar which enters the cell to produce ?
A
ATP (energy)
12
Q
disaccharide
A
sugar made of 2 monosaccharides
13
Q
sugar made of 2 monosaccharides
A
disaccharide
14
Q
monosaccharide
A
simple sugar
15
Q
simple sugar
A
monosaccharide
16
Q
3 disaccharides
A
sucrose
lactose
maltose
17
Q
sucrose
lactose
maltose
A
3 disaccharides
18
Q
sucrose
A
table sugar
glucose + fructose
19
Q
table sugar
glucose + fructose
A
sucrose
20
Q
lactose
A
sugar in milk
glucose + galactose
21
Q
sugar in milk
glucose + galactose
A
lactose
22
Q
maltose
A
grain products
glucose + glucose
23
Q
grain products
glucose + glucose
A
maltose
24
Q
oligosaccharides
A
short chain 3-10 monosaccharides
25
short chain 3-10 monosaccharides
oligosaccharides
26
polysaccharides
long chain monosaccharides
27
long chain monosaccharides
polysaccharides
28
3 polysaccharides
glycogen
starch
cellulose
29
glycogen
starch
cellulose
3 polysaccharides
30
glycogen
energy storage of the liver, muscle, brain, uterus, & vagina
31
energy storage of the liver, muscle, brain, uterus, & vagina
glycogen
32
starch
energy storage of plants digestible by humans
33
energy storage of plants digestible by humans
starch
34
cellulose
structural molecule in plants important fo human dietary fiber, bu indigestible by humans
35
structural molecule in plants important fo human dietary fiber, but indigestible by humans
cellulose
36
all digested carbohydrates (sugars) are converted into ?
glucose
37
3 types of conjugated carbohydrates
glycolipids
glycoproteins
proteoglycans
38
glycolipids
glycoproteins
proteoglycans
3 types of conjugated carbohydrates
39
glycolipids
external surface of cell membrane
40
external surface of cell membrane
glycolipids
41
glycoproteins
external surface of cell membrane
mucus of respiratory & digestive tracts
42
external surface of cell membrane
mucus of respiratory & digestive tracts
glycoproteins
43
proteoglycans
more carbohydrates (sugars) than protien
gel that holds tisues together
gelatinous filter in umbilical cord & eye
joint lubrication & cartilage texture
44
more carbohydrates (sugars) than protien
gel that holds tisues together
gelatinous filter in umbilical cord & eye
joint lubrication & cartilage texture
proteoglycans
45
lipids
hydrophobic organic molecules with high ratio of hydrogen & oxygen
46
hydrophobic organic molecules with high ratio of hydrogen & oxygen
lipids
47
5 primary lipids in humans
fatty acids
triglycerides
phospholipids
eicosanoids
steroids
48
fatty acids
triglycerides
phospholipids
eicosanoids
steroids
5 primary lipids in humans
49
fatty acids
saturated fatty
unsaturated fatty acids - double bonds
polyunsaturated - multiple double bonds
essential fatty acids - must be obtained from food
50
saturated fatty
unsaturated fatty acids - double bonds
polyunsaturated - multiple double bonds
essential fatty acids - must be obtained from food
fatty acids
51
phospholipids
one fatty acid is replaced by a phosphate group
structural foundation of cell membrane
52
one fatty acid is replaced by a phosphate group
structural foundation of cell membrane
phospholipids
53
amphipathic
fatty acid “tails” are hydrophobic
phosphate “head” is hydrophilic
54
fatty acid “tails” are hydrophobic
phosphate “head” is hydrophilic
amphipathic
55
protein
polomer of amino acids
56
polomer of amino acids
protein
57
? amino acids used to make up the ? are identical exept for the ? group
20
proteins
radical (R)
58
peptide
any molecule composed of 2 or more amino acids joined by peptide bonds
59
any molecule composed of 2 or more amino acids joined by peptide bonds
peptide
60
peptide bond
joins the amino group of one amino acid to the carboxyl group of the next
formed by dehydration synthesis
61
joins the amino group of one amino acid to the carboxyl group of the next
formed by dehydration synthesis
peptide bond
62
dehydration synthesis
creates a peptide bond that joins the amino acid group of one group to the carboxyl group of the next by removing water
63
creates a peptide bond that joins the amino acid group of one group to the carboxyl group of the next by removing water
dehydration synthesis
64
conformation
3-dimensional shape of protein that can reversibly change their shape crucial to function
ex. muscle contraction
65
3-dimensional shape of protein that can reversibly change their shape crucial to function
ex. muscle contraction
conformation
66
denaturation
extreme conformational change that destroys function
ex. extreme heat or pH
67
extreme conformational change that destroys function
ex. extreme heat or pH
denaturation
68
enzymes
proteins that function as biological catalyst
permit reactions to occur rapidly at body tempurature
each enzyme is specific for a specific reaction
69
substrate
substance that enzyme acts apon
70
substance that enzyme acts apon
substrate
71
enzyme naming convention
the substrate with “ase” as suffix
ex. enzyme digest stach (amylose)
amylose (substrate) + “ase”
= amylase enzyme
72
enzymes lower ?
activation energy - energy needed to get reaction started
73
3 components of nucleotides
nitrogen base (single or double carbon-nitrogen ring)
sugar (monosaccharide)
phosphate group(s) (one or more)
74
nitrogen base (single or double carbon-nitrogen ring)
sugar (monosaccharide)
phospohate group(s) (one or more)
3 components of nucleotides
75
adenosine triphosphate (ATP)
best known nucleotide
adenine (nitogen base)
ribose (sugar)
3 phosphate groups
76
best known nucleotide
adenine (nitogen base)
ribose (sugar)
3 phosphate groups
adenosine triphosphate (ATP)
77
nucleic acids
DNA (deoxyibonucleic acid)
RNA (robonucleic acid)
78
DNA (deoxyibonucleic acid)
RNA (robonucleic acid)
nucleis acids
79
DNA (deoxyibonucleic acid)
contains millions of nucleotides
constitutes genes (gives instructions for synthesizing proteins)
80
contains millions of nucleotides
constitutes genes (gives instructions for synthesizing proteins)
DNA (deoxyibonucleic acid)
81
3 types of RNA (robonucleic acid)
messenger RNA (mRNA)
ribosomal RNA
transfer RNA
82
RNA (robonucleic acid)
70-10,000 necleotides long
carries out genetic instruction provided by the DNA for synthesizing proteins
assembles amino acids in right order to produce proteins
