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Anatomy > Lecture Exam 1 (histology) > Flashcards

Lecture Exam 1 (histology) Flashcards

(85 cards)

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1
Q

What are the four primary tissue types?

A

epithelial, connective, neural, and muscle

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2
Q

What is spray paint?

A

epithelial tissue. lines the inner and outer cavities of body

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3
Q

Epithelial main characteristics

A

high cellularity, avascular, rapid regeneration

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4
Q

very densely packed cells and very little extracellular material

A

high cellularity

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5
Q

no direct blood supply.

A

avascular

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6
Q

due to high mitotic rates, and existence of mesenchymal cells

A

rapid regeneration

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7
Q

functions of epithelial

A

physical protection, provide sensation, control permeability

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8
Q

not highly protective, specialized to allow diffusion and permeability, lining of internal compartments and passageways such as blood vessels, lining of the intestines and gas-exchange surfaces of the lungs

A

simple epithelium

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9
Q

several layers of cells, found in areas subjected to mechanical and chemical stress

A

stratified epithelium

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10
Q

thin flat cell on exposed surface

A

squamous epithelia

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11
Q

most delicate epithelium. found in areas where slick surface reduces friction and very thin lining is needed for gas exchange.

A

simple squamous epithelium

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12
Q

lining of heart and blood vessels

A

endothelium

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13
Q

lung membranes

A

pleura

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14
Q

heart membranes

A

pericardium

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15
Q

abdominal cavity membranes

A

peritoneum

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16
Q

many cell layers thick found in areas most subject to mechanical and physical stress

A

stratified squamous epithelium

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17
Q

stratified squamous epithelium located?

A

surface of skin, linings of mouth, throat, esophagus, rectum, vagina, and anus

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18
Q

contain cells that are hexagonal, nuclei near center.

A

cuboid epithelia

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19
Q

limited protection, have absorptive and secretory capabilities

A

simple cuboid epithelium

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20
Q

where simple cuboid epithelium located?

A

kidney tubes, pancreas, salivary glands and thyroid follicles.

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21
Q

rare epithelial usually found in lining of largest ducts of a gland

A

stratified cuboid epithelium

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22
Q

column cells. nuclei usually found near the basal surface

A

columnar epithelia

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23
Q

good protection and absorptive

A

simple columnar epithelium

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24
Q

simple columnar epithelium located?

A

stomach, intestinal tract, uterine tubes, and excretory duct

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25
specialized columnar epithelium with many cell types
pseudostratified columnar epithelium
26
pseudostratified columnar epithelium located?
upper respiratory passages and male reproductive tract
27
rare epithelia found in throat, urethra, anus and some excretory ducts
stratified columnar epithelium
28
stratified epithelium that stretches and changes shape. found in pelvis, ureters, and urinary bladder
transitional epithelia
29
never exposed to surface: epithelial or connective
connective tissue
30
connective tissue main components
special cells, protein fibers, ground substance
31
what is matrix
ground substance and protein fibers
32
3 types of CT
proper, fluid, and supporting
33
CT Proper
specialized cells and fibers in syrupy ground substance
34
fluid CT
specialized cells in fluid ground substance. Blood and Lymph
35
Supporting CT
on special cell in solid ground substance. Bone and Cartilage
36
cells that are stationary and help with local maintenance of CT
fixed cells
37
cells that move from one tissue to another searching for damaged tissue and pathogens
wandering cells
38
cells responsible for the production of fibers and ground substance in CT
Fibroblasts (fixed)
39
large cells that eat damaged tissue or pathogens
fixed macrophages
40
energy storage cells. contain large lipid vacuole.
adipocytes (fixed)
41
stem cells that become any other cell
mesenchymal cells (fixed)
42
cells that produce a dark pigment called melanin
melanocytes (fixed)
43
search for damaged tissue and pathogens
ameboid cells (wandering)
44
large phagocytic cells, called monocytes when in blood stream
free macrophages (wandering)
45
found near blood vessels. produce and release histamine and heparin in response to injury
mast cells (wandering)
46
causes increased blood flow and attracts free macrophages
histamine
47
prevents excessive blood clotting
heparin
48
small blood cells that travel the body to fight off infection
lymphocytes
49
activated type of lymphocyte that releases antibodies that assist in fighting off pathogens
plasma cells
50
smaller versions of macrophages
microphages
51
CT fibers
collagen, reticular, and elastic
52
strongest fiber, flexible but wont stretch. very long, cylindrical fibers made up of three subunits coiled around one another
collagen fibers
53
bands of collagen that connect muscles to bones
tendons
54
bands of collagen that connect bones to each other
ligaments
55
single strand of collagen proteins. spleen and liver. stretches in all directions die to branching.
reticular fibers
56
contain protein elastin. stretch up to 150% of length and bounce back
elastic fibers
57
abundance of elastic fibers. support vertebral column
elastic ligaments
58
colorless mixture of water, hyaluronan, proteoglycans, and glycoproteins
ground substance
59
high amount of ground substance
loose CT
60
found under all epithelia in the body. mostly ground substance. separates skin from underlying structures.
areolar tissue
61
adipocytes make up most volume. cushions shock, stores energy, and insulates body from heat loss.
adipose tissue
62
made mostly of reticular fibers and more macrophages. bone marrow, spleen, liver, and lymph nodes
reticular tissue
63
low ground substance lots of protein fibers
dense CT
64
tightly packed collagen fibers aligned parralel to applied forces. tendons, aponeuroses, elastic tissue, ligaments
dense regular CT
65
mostly collagen fibers arranged in a meshwork.
dense irregular CT
66
few cells, high amounts of fiber and the ground substance may contain insoluble calcium salts
supporting CT
67
contains matrix similar to firm gel
cartilage
68
grows from the surface
appositional growth
69
grow from the inside
interstitial growth
70
3 types of cartilage
hyaline, elastic, fibrocartilage
71
tough, flexible, and weak. most common type of cartilage. costal, respiratory, and articular
hyaline cartilage
72
cartilage between ribs and sternum
costal
73
cartilage along the conducting portion of the respiratory tract
respiratory
74
cartilage covering the ends of bones in joints
articular
75
strongest of cartilages. little ground substance and abundance of collagen fibers. resist compression, absorb shock, and prevent bone to bone damage. between vertebrae, between bones of pelvis, and a few joints
fibrocartilage
76
two layered covering of bone tissue
periosteum
77
epithelia and connective tissues combine to form?
membranes
78
4 types of membranes
mucous, serous, cutaneous, and synovial
79
wet membranes that line passageways with connection to exterior
mucous membrane
80
line ventral body cavity, no connection to exterior
serous membrane
81
thick, dry, water-resistant membrane that covers the entire surface of body
cutaneous membrane
82
found inside of capsule surrounding areas where bone contact one another; joints or articulations
synovial membranes
83
produce synovial fluid
secretory cells
84
functions of synovial fluid
lubrication of joint, distribution of oxygen and nutrients, cushioning shock.
85

Anatomy (18 decks)

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