Lecture Exam 2 (muscle tissue)

Question 1

three types of muscle tissue

Answer 1

skeletal, cardiac, and smooth

Question 2

tissue moves the body by pulling on bones of the skeleton

Answer 2

skeletal muscle

Question 3

tissue pushes blood through the arteries and veins of the circulatory system

Answer 3

cardiac muscle

Question 4

tissues push fluids and solids along the digestive tract and perform varied functions in other systems

Answer 4

smooth muscle

Question 5

4 basic properties of muscle tissue

Answer 5

excitability, contractibility, extensibility and elasticity

Question 6

the ability to respond to stimulation

Answer 6

excitability

Question 7

the ability to shorten actively and exert a pull or tension that can be harnessed by connective tissues

Answer 7

contractibility

Question 8

the ability to continue to contract over a range of resting

Answer 8

extensibility

Question 9

the ability of a muscle to rebound toward its original length after a contraction

Answer 9

elasticity

Question 10

functions of skeletal muscle

Answer 10

produce skeletal movement, maintain posture and body position, support soft tissues, regulate entering and exiting of material and maintain body temperature

Question 11

skeletal muscle has three concentric layers of connective tissue

Answer 11

epimysium, perimysium nad endomysium

Question 12

dense irregular connective tissue layer that surrounds the entire skeletal muscle. separates muscle from surrounding tissues and organs. connected to deep fascia.

Answer 12

epimysium

Question 13

divide muscle into series of internal compartments, each containing a bundle of muscle fibers called a fascicle. contains numerous blood vessels and nerves that branch to supply each individual fascicle

Answer 13

perimysium

Question 14

fascicle

Answer 14

bundle of muscle fibers

Question 15

delicate network of reticular fibers that surround each skeletal muscle fiber

Answer 15

endomysium

Question 16

endomysium 2 functions

Answer 16

binds each muscle fiber to its neighbor and supports capillaries that supply individual fibers

Question 17

repair damaged muscle tissue, lie between the endomysium and muscle fibers

Answer 17

satellite cells

Question 18

end of muscle collagen fibers of the epimysium, perimysium, and endomysium often converge to form a fibrous connection of muscle to bone, skin, or another muscle known as

Answer 18

tendons

Question 19

tendons that form thick flattened sheets are called

Answer 19

aponeuroses

Question 20

muscle fiber =

Answer 20

muscle cells

Question 21

length of the whole muscle, long and tubilar, are multi-nucleated.

Answer 21

muscle fibers/muscle cells

Question 22

contains hundreds to thousands of cylindrical myofibrils

Answer 22

sacroplasm (cytoplasm)

Question 23

surrounds sarcoplasm

Answer 23

sarcolemma (cell membrane)

Question 24

network of tubules, vesicles, and cisternae in cells. plumbing of cells. stores calcium ions for muscle contraction. surrounds myofibrils

Answer 24

sarcoplamic reticulum

Question 25

scattered among myofibrils within fiber. glycogen is used to power the cell

Answer 25

mitochondria and glycogen granules

Question 26

process by which new mitochondria are formed in the cell. activated by numerous different signals during times of cellular stress or in response to environmental stimuli

Answer 26

mitochondrial biogenesis

Question 27

two types of skeletal muscle fibers

Answer 27

extra-fusal muscle fibers and intra-fusal muscle fiber

Question 28

standard skeletal muscle fibers. make up most of the large mass of skeletal muscle tissue that contract

Answer 28

extra-fusal muscle fiber

Question 29

serve as specializes sensory organs called proprioceptors that detect the amount and rate of change in length. (muscle spindle)

Answer 29

intra-fusal muscle fiber

Question 30

protein filaments consisting primarily of the proteins actin and myosin

Answer 30

myofilaments

Question 31

bundles of myofilaments

Answer 31

myofibrils

Question 32

thin filaments. consists of a twisted strand of several interacting proteins

Answer 32

actin filament

Question 33

thick filaments. heads are known as cross-bridges

Answer 33

myosin filaments

Question 34

actin and myosin filaments are organized in repeating hexagonal units. give muscles a striated appearance. responsible for skeletal muscle fiber contractions. smallest functional units of muscle fiber.

Answer 34

sarcomeres

Question 35

ends of sacromere.

Answer 35

z-line

Question 36

thick filaments in the center of sacromere

Answer 36

m-line

Question 37

myosin filaments

Answer 37

h-zone

Question 38

includes m-line, h-band and zone overlap

Answer 38

a-band

Question 39

region between a band and z line only contains actin filaments part of

Answer 39

i band

Question 40

associated proteins in thin filaments

Answer 40

tropomyosin and troponin

Question 41

form a long chain that covers the active sites, preventing actin-myosin interaction

Answer 41

trpomyosin

Question 42

holds the tropomyosin strand in place

Answer 42

troponin

Question 43

sarcopenia

Answer 43

age related loss of muscle mass and function

Question 44

increase in the amount of cell subunits of actin and myosin otherwise known as myofilaments

Answer 44

muscle hypertrophy

Question 45

group of muscles that a single spinal nerve root innervates

Answer 45

myotomes

Question 46

releases stored calcium ions increasing the calcium concentration of the sarcoplasm in and around the sarcomeres

Answer 46

sarcoplasmic reticulum