Lecture Exam 4 (PP) Flashcards
(114 cards)
1
Q
defend body from pathogens
A
leukocytes
2
Q
non-cellular fragments of megakaryocytes
A
platelets
3
Q
important for vascular clotting mechanism
A
platelets
4
Q
liquid component of blood, 55% of total blood volume
A
plasma
5
Q
plasma is ___% water
A
92
6
Q
maintain onmotic pressure by transport of molecules
A
albumins
7
Q
transport, immunity
A
globulins
8
Q
provide framework for clotting mechanism
A
fibrinogens
9
Q
layers of the heart
A
pericardium, epicardium, myocardium, endocardium
10
Q
chambers of heart
A
right and left atria, right and left ventricle
11
Q
what do valves in the heart do?
A
separate chambers and prevent back flow
12
Q
prevents back flow from right ventricle into right atrium
A
tricuspid valve
13
Q
prevents back flow from pulmonary trunk into right ventricle
A
pulmonary valve (semilunar)
14
Q
prevents back flow from left ventricle into left atrium
A
bicuspid valve (mitral)
15
Q
prevents back flow of blood from aorta into left ventricle
A
aortic valve
16
Q
female reproductive accessory organs
A
uterine tubes, uterus, vagina, vulva, breast tissue
17
Q
what do female reproductive accessory organs do?
A
egg transport, fetus habituation/development, shedding of endometrial tissue
18
Q
infundibulum, ampulla, isthmus, uterine part
A
uterine tubes
19
Q
fundus, body, isthmus, cervix
A
uterus
20
Q
collected from cervix
A
pap smear
21
Q
layers of uterus
A
perimetrium, myometrium, endometrium
22
Q
breast tissue order
A
lobes, lobules, lactiferous ducts, lactiferous sinus, nipple
23
Q
what do ovaries do?
A
produce ova and estrogens
24
Q
ovaries are influenced by?
A
anterior pituitary gland
25
causes growth of ovarian follicles
follicle stimulating hormone
26
causes egg release from ovary
luteinizing hormone
27
male reproductive accessory organs
epididymis, vas deferens, ejaculatory duct, seminal glands, prostate glands, bulbourethral glands, penis
28
what do the male reproductive accessory organs do?
provide nutrients for sperm, propel sperm in reproductive tract, activate sperm
29
form sperm and androgens
testes
30
when do testes start to show
7 months
31
links scrotum to peritoneal cavity; contains spermatic cord
inguinal canal
32
testicular artery, pampiniform venous plexus, vas deferens, ilioinguinal/genitofemoral nerves
spermatic cord
33
elevates/lowers testes in response to temperature changes
cremaster muscle
34
reproductive system function
ensure continued existence of species
35
liquid in stomach backs up into esophagus; damages esophageal mucosa
gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)
36
bariatric surgery; stomach and duodenum bypassed to jejunum
gastric bypass
37
eroding of stomach lining; often caused by bacterial infection
gastric peptic ulcers
38
inflammation of liver; functional cells replaced by scar/fatty tissue
cirrhosis
39
inflammation of appendix
appendicitis
40
small growths of inflamed nasal mucosa
nasal polyps
41
nonunion of nasopharynx and/or oropharynx
cleft palate
42
air in pleural cavity; collapsed lung
pneumothorax
43
entrance of foreign material into bronchial tree
aspiration
44
formation of calculi (stones)
lithiasis
45
hypertrophy; enlarged prostate, pushes on urethra, causing difficulty urinating
benign prostatic
46
secretes alkaline fluid that allows sperm to proliferate in female reproductive tract
prostate gland
47
inflammation of pericaridium
pericarditis
48
heart attack; coronary artery blockage
myocardial infarction
49
weakening in wall of blood vessel
aneurysm
50
large, distended veins in legs due to leaky valves
varicose veins
51
functions of pancreas
production of pancreatic juice, insulin and glucagon
52
digestive enzymes and buffering solution
pancreatic juice
53
function of gallbladder
stores bile
54
emulsifies fats in foods
bile
55
bile formation
R/L hepatic ducts collect bile from liver - common hepatic duct - cystic duct - gallbladder - common bile duct - duodenum
56
functions of liver
metabolic regulation, hematologic regulation, and bile production
57
how absorbed nutrients get processed
hepatic portal system
58
hepatic portal system
S/I mesenteric veins, splenic vein, gastric vein, pancreatic vein - hepatic portal vein - liver - hepatic veins - IVC - heart
59
digestive accessory organs
salivary glands, liver, gallbladder, pancreas
60
function of large intestine
water, vitamin reabsorption; fecal compaction/storage
61
3 sections of large intestine
cecum, colon, and rectum
62
whats in the cecum
appendix
63
whats in the colon
ascending colon, transverse colon, descending colon, and sigmoid colon
64
function of small intestine
primary nutrient absorption site
65
3 sections of small intestine
duodenum, jejunum, and ileum
66
function of stomach
bulk food storage, mechanical breakdown, chemical breakdown
67
tongue and teeth
oral cavity
68
whats in pharynx
epiglottis
69
no breathing allowed while swallowing
deglutition
70
muscular tube; transports food from mouth to stomach; posterior to trachea
esophagus
71
functions of digestive system
ingestion, mechanical processing, digestion, secretion, absorption, compaction, and excretion
72
active process (diaphragm contracts)
inspiration
73
passive process (diaphragm relaxes)
expiration
74
tough, flexible, cartilaginous tube extending from C6-T5 vertebrae
trachea
75
extrapulmonary (outside of lungs)
primary bronchi
76
smaller connections to tertiary bronchi
secondary bronchi
77
regulated by ANS
terminal bronchioles
78
bronchoconstriction
parasympathetic
79
bronchodilation
sympathetic
80
shared structure between respiratory and digestive systems
pharynx
81
superior portion; contains turbinates, septum
nasopharynx
82
between soft palate and base of tongue
oropharynx
83
between hyoid bone and esophageal opening
laryngopharynx
84
connect middle ear to pharynx
eustachian tubes
85
voice box
larynx
86
nose, nasal cavity, paranasal sinuses, pharynx
upper respiratory system
87
function of upper respiratory system
filters, warms, humidifies air
88
respiratory tract
nose - nasal cavity/sinuses - pharynx - larynx - trachea - bronchi - bronchioles - alveoli
89
moves, filters, warms, humidifies air
conducting portion
90
conducting portion
nasal cavity - smallest bronchioles
91
gas exchange
respiratory portion
92
respiratory portion
smallest bronchioles - alveoli
93
muscular organ allowing for temporary urine storage. lined with transitional epithelial tissue
bladder
94
urine flow
renal pyramids - minor calyx - major calyx - renal pelvis - ureter - bladder - urethra
95
functional unit of kidney
nephron
96
function of nephron
filtration, absorption, and secretion. produces filtrate, reabsorbs nutrients/water/electrolytes
97
function of kidneys
filtration, absorption, and secretion
98
outer layer of kidney
renal cortex
99
inner section of kidney; contains medullary pyramids
renal medulla
100
function of urinary system
regular blood concentrations, regulate blood pressure and volume, stabilize blood pH, conserve nutrients, eliminates nitrogenous waste as urea, detoxifies poisons and deaminates amino acids.
101
3 layers of blood vessels
tunica externa, tunica media, tunica intima
102
outermost layer of blood vessel, dense connective tissue
tunica externa
103
middle layer of blood vessel, smooth muscle tissue. under ANS control, responds to local stimuli
tunica media
104
smooth muscle contracts, reduces diameter of blood vessel
vasoconstriction
105
smooth muscle relaxes, increases diameter of vessel
vasodilation
106
innermost layer of blood vessels, simple squamous epithelia (endothelium)
tunica intima
107
carry blood away from heart, thick muscular walls
arteries
108
carry blood towards the heart, thinner less muscular walls, contain one-way valves
veins
109
smallest blood vessels, site of gas/nutrient exchange between tissues and blood
capillaries
110
pulmonary circuit (heart, lungs, heart)
vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary arteries - lungs - pulmonary veins - left atrium
111
systemic circuit (heart, body, heart)
left atrium - left ventricle - aorta - peripheral arteries - capillaries - peripheral veins - vena cava - right atrium
112
most numerous blood cell, transport O2 and CO2. contain hemoglobin in structure. biconcave shape; no organelles in mature
erythrocytes (RBCs)
113
formed elements of whole blood
erythrocytes, leukocytes, platelets, plasma, water and plasma proteins
114
functions of blood
distribute nutrients O2, hormones to body tissues. carry metabolic waste to kidneys for excretion. transport specialized immune cells
